Unraveling Thermodynamic and Kinetic Contributions to the Stability of Doped Nanocrystalline Alloys using Nanometallic Multilayers

Cunningham, W. Streit; Mascarenhas, Sean T. J.; Riano, J. Sebastian; Wang, Wenbo; Hwang, Sooyeon; Hattar, Khalid; Hodge, Andrea M.; Trelewicz, Jason R.

doi:10.1002/adma.202200354

Unraveling Thermodynamic and Kinetic Contributions to the Stability of Doped Nanocrystalline Alloys using Nanometallic Multilayers

Journal Article · Mon May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202200354· OSTI ID:1871248

Cunningham, W. Streit ^[1]; Mascarenhas, Sean T. J. ^[1]; Riano, J. Sebastian ^[2]; Wang, Wenbo ^[1]; Hwang, Sooyeon ^[3]; Hattar, Khalid ^[4]; Hodge, Andrea M. ^[5]; ^[6]

Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Lab Upton NY 11973 USA
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87185 USA
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA, Institute for Advanced Computational Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

Abstract

Targeted doping of grain boundaries is widely pursued as a pathway for combating thermal instabilities in nanocrystalline metals. However, certain dopants predicted to produce grain‐boundary‐segregated nanocrystalline configurations instead form small nanoprecipitates at elevated temperatures that act to kinetically inhibit grain growth. Here, thermodynamic modeling is implemented to select the Mo–Au system for exploring the interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to nanostructure stability. Using nanoscale multilayers and in situ transmission electron microscopy thermal aging, evolving segregation states and the corresponding phase transitions are mapped with temperature. The microstructure is shown to evolve through a transformation at lower homologous temperatures (<600 °C) where solute atoms cluster and segregate to the grain boundaries, consistent with predictions from thermodynamic models. An increase in temperature to 800 °C is accompanied by coarsening of the grain structure via grain boundary migration but with multiple pinning events uncovered between migrating segments of the grain boundary and local solute clustering. Direct comparison between the thermodynamic predictions and experimental observations of microstructure evolution thus demonstrates a transition from thermodynamically preferred to kinetically inhibited nanocrystalline stability and provides a general framework for decoupling contributions to complex stability transitions while simultaneously targeting a dominant thermal stability regime.

View Journal Article

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; SC0021060

OSTI ID:: 1871248

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1871250
OSTI ID: 1871987
OSTI ID: 1873165

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 27 Vol. 34; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

References (98)

Microstructure-Mechanical Property Correlation in Size Controlled Nanocrystalline Molybdenum Films Battu, Anil K.; Zade, Vishal B.; Deemer, Eva Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201800496	journal	September 2018
Achieving Ultralow Wear with Stable Nanocrystalline Metals Curry, John F.; Babuska, Tomas F.; Furnish, Timothy A. Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802026	journal	June 2018
The Au−Mo (Gold-Molybdenum) system Massalski, T. B.; Okamoto, H.; Brewer, L. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02867807	journal	October 1986
Stabilization of nanocrystalline grain sizes by solute additions Koch, C. C.; Scattergood, R. O.; Darling, K. A. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 43, Issue 23-24 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2870-0	journal	December 2008
Review of thermal stability of nanomaterials Andrievski, R. A. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 49, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7836-1	journal	November 2013
Estimations of grain-boundary surface tension in elemental solids Prokofjev, S. I. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0681-2	journal	January 2017
Grain boundary phase transformations in PtAu and relevance to thermal stabilization of bulk nanocrystalline metals O’Brien, C. J.; Barr, C. M.; Price, P. M. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1706-1	journal	October 2017
Influence and comparison of contaminate partitioning on nanocrystalline stability in sputter-deposited and ball-milled Cu–Zr alloys Zhou, Xuyang; Schuler, Jennifer D.; Grigorian, Charlette M. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 55, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05135-y	journal	September 2020
Anomalous Fatigue Behavior and Fatigue-Induced Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Nickel Alloys Boyce, Brad L.; Padilla, Henry A. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0708-x	journal	May 2011
The Influence of Grain Boundaries on Radiation-Induced Point Defect Production in Materials: A Review of Atomistic Studies Bai, Xian-Ming; Uberuaga, Blas P. JOM, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-012-0544-5	journal	January 2013
Modeling of Microstructure Evolution in Metallic Multilayers with Immiscible Constituents Wan, Haibo; Shen, Yao; He, Xu JOM, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-012-0547-2	journal	January 2013
“Bulk” Nanocrystalline Metals: Review of the Current State of the Art and Future Opportunities for Copper and Copper Alloys Tschopp, M. A.; Murdoch, H. A.; Kecskes, L. J. JOM, Vol. 66, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-0978-z	journal	May 2014
High-Temperature Stability and Grain Boundary Complexion Formation in a Nanocrystalline Cu-Zr Alloy Khalajhedayati, Amirhossein; Rupert, Timothy J. JOM, Vol. 67, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1644-9	journal	September 2015
Zener Pinning of Grain Boundaries and Structural Stability of Immiscible Alloys Koju, R. K.; Darling, K. A.; Kecskes, L. J. JOM, Vol. 68, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-1899-9	journal	April 2016
Parameter-dependent oxidation of physically sputtered Cu and the related fabrication of Cu-based semiconductor films with metallic resistivity Su, Jiangbin; Zhang, Jianhua; Liu, Yang Science China Materials, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-0125-y	journal	February 2016
The impurity-drag effect in grain boundary motion Cahn, John W. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(62)90092-5	journal	September 1962
Inhibition of grain growth by second-phase particles Hillert, M. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 36, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(88)90053-3	journal	December 1988
The interfacial free energies of solid chromium, molybdenum and tungsten Allen, B. C. Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(72)90114-2	journal	November 1972
Recrystallization and grain growth Burke, J. E.; Turnbull, D. Progress in Metal Physics, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0502-8205(52)90009-9	journal	January 1952
Microstructure and strength of nanocrystalline copper alloy prepared by mechanical alloying Morris, D. G.; Morris, M. A. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 39, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(91)90144-P	journal	August 1991
An in-situ tem study of the thermal stability of nanocrystalline NiP Boylan, K.; Ostrander, D.; Erb, U. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(91)90144-P	journal	December 1991
Grain growth of pure nickel and of a Ni-Si solid solution studied by differential scanning calorimetry on nanometer-sized crystals Knauth, P.; Charaï, A.; Gas, P. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(93)90436-V	journal	February 1993
Alloy effects in nanostructures Weissmüller, J. Nanostructured Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0965-9773(93)90088-S	journal	January 1993
Thermal stability of amorphous and crystalline multilayers produced by magnetron sputtering Beke, Dl; Langer, Ga; Kis-Varga, M. Vacuum, Vol. 50, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(98)00069-4	journal	July 1998
Grain coarsening inhibited by solute segregation Kirchheim, Reiner Acta Materialia, Vol. 50, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00338-X	journal	January 2002
Thermal stability of nanostructured Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 alloys prepared via mechanical alloying Shaw, L.; Luo, H.; Villegas, J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00075-2	journal	May 2003
Modelling the influence of grain-size-dependent solute drag on the kinetics of grain growth in nanocrystalline materials Michels, A.; Krill, C. E.; Ehrhardt, H. Acta Materialia, Vol. 47, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00079-8	journal	May 1999
Thermal stability of a Cu/Ta multilayer: an intriguing interfacial reaction Lee, Hoo-Jeong; Kwon, Kee-Won; Ryu, Changsup Acta Materialia, Vol. 47, Issue 15-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00257-8	journal	November 1999
Mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals and alloys11The Golden Jubilee Issue—Selected topics in Materials Science and Engineering: Past, Present and Future, edited by S. Suresh Kumar, K. S.; Van Swygenhoven, H.; Suresh, S. Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.032	journal	November 2003
Tailoring and patterning the grain size of nanocrystalline alloys Detor, A.; Schuh, C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.032	journal	January 2007
Reducing grain boundary, dislocation line and vacancy formation energies by solute segregation. I. Theoretical background Kirchheim, R. Acta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.047	journal	September 2007
Triple junction effects in solids Zhao, B.; Gottstein, G.; Shvindlerman, L. S. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.02.024	journal	May 2011
Observations of grain boundary impurities in nanocrystalline Al and their influence on microstructural stability and mechanical behaviour Tang, F.; Gianola, D. S.; Moody, M. P. Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.061	journal	February 2012
Stabilization and strengthening of nanocrystalline copper by alloying with tantalum Frolov, T.; Darling, K. A.; Kecskes, L. J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.011	journal	March 2012
Stability of binary nanocrystalline alloys against grain growth and phase separation Murdoch, Heather A.; Schuh, Christopher A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.12.033	journal	April 2013
Nanoscale segregation behavior and high-temperature stability of nanocrystalline W–20at.% Ti Chookajorn, Tongjai; Schuh, Christopher A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 73 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.03.039	journal	July 2014
Stabilization of nanocrystalline alloys via grain boundary segregation: A diffuse interface model Abdeljawad, Fadi; Foiles, Stephen M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.058	journal	December 2015
Sputtered Hf–Ti nanostructures: A segregation and high-temperature stability study Polyakov, Mikhail N.; Chookajorn, Tongjai; Mecklenburg, Matthew Acta Materialia, Vol. 108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.073	journal	April 2016
Grain boundary segregation in immiscible nanocrystalline alloys Abdeljawad, Fadi; Lu, Ping; Argibay, Nicolas Acta Materialia, Vol. 126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.036	journal	March 2017
Stability criteria for nanocrystalline alloys Kalidindi, Arvind R.; Schuh, Christopher A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.029	journal	June 2017
Interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization mechanisms in nanocrystalline Fe-Mg alloys Amram, Dor; Schuh, Christopher A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 144 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.11.014	journal	February 2018
Uncovering the influence of common nonmetallic impurities on the stability and strength of a Σ5 (310) grain boundary in Cu Huang, Zhifeng; Chen, Fei; Shen, Qiang Acta Materialia, Vol. 148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.01.058	journal	April 2018
Grain size stabilization of mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline Fe-Zr alloys by forming highly dispersed coherent Fe-Zr-O nanoclusters Chen, Y. Z.; Wang, K.; Shan, G. B. Acta Materialia, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.070	journal	October 2018
Solute interaction effects on grain boundary segregation in ternary alloys Xing, Wenting; Kalidindi, Arvind R.; Amram, Dor Acta Materialia, Vol. 161 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.005	journal	December 2018
Grain boundary segregation and intermetallic precipitation in coarsening resistant nanocrystalline aluminum alloys Devaraj, A.; Wang, W.; Vemuri, R. Acta Materialia, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.09.038	journal	February 2019
Suppressing irradiation induced grain growth and defect accumulation in nanocrystalline tungsten through grain boundary doping Cunningham, W. Streit; Hattar, Khalid; Zhu, Yuanyuan Acta Materialia, Vol. 206 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116629	journal	March 2021
Manipulation of solute partitioning mechanisms for nanocrystalline stability Zhou, Xuyang; Gupta, Ankit; Tucker, Garritt J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116662	journal	April 2021
Mitigating grain growth in binary nanocrystalline alloys through solute selection based on thermodynamic stability maps Darling, K. A.; Tschopp, M. A.; VanLeeuwen, B. K. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.10.018	journal	March 2014
Tailor-made nanomaterials designed by electrochemical methods Natter, Harald; Hempelmann, Rolf Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2003.04.004	journal	December 2003
Grain size stabilization of nanocrystalline copper at high temperatures by alloying with tantalum Darling, K. A.; Roberts, A. J.; Mishin, Y. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 573 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.03.177	journal	October 2013
Fabrication, characterization and optimization of high conductivity and high quality nanocrystalline molybdenum thin films Battu, Anil K.; Makeswaran, Nanthakishore; Ramana, C. V. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 35, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.023	journal	November 2019
Microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline Fe–Zr alloys upon annealing treatment Shi, X. H.; Chen, Y. Z.; Ma, X. Y. Materials Characterization, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.03.019	journal	May 2015
Control of oxidation behavior in high vacuum transmission electron microscopy Kwon, Yena; An, Byeong-Seon; Moon, Ji-Yun Materials Characterization, Vol. 172 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110870	journal	February 2021
Hybrid thermal stabilization of Zr doped nanocrystalline Cu Sikdar, K.; Mahata, A.; Roy, B. Materials & Design, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.107564	journal	February 2019
Impact of grain boundary junctions on grain growth in polycrystals with different grain sizes Novikov, Vladimir Yu. Materials Letters, Vol. 62, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.017	journal	May 2008
Developing thermodynamic stability diagrams for equilibrium-grain-size binary alloys Zhou, Naixie; Luo, Jian Materials Letters, Vol. 115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.09.093	journal	January 2014
Radiation damage tolerant nanomaterials Beyerlein, I. J.; Caro, A.; Demkowicz, M. J. Materials Today, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.10.019	journal	November 2013
Thermal stability of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloys Hibbard, G. D.; Aust, K. T.; Erb, U. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 433, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.096	journal	October 2006
Thermal stability of nanocrystalline Fe–Zr alloys Darling, K. A.; VanLeeuwen, B. K.; Koch, C. C. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 527, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.02.043	journal	June 2010
Grain-size dependent mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals Hahn, Eric N.; Meyers, Marc A. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 646 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.07.075	journal	October 2015
The influence of oxygen contamination on the thermal stability and hardness of nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys Marvel, Christopher J.; Yin, Denise; Cantwell, Patrick R. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 664 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.129	journal	May 2016
Length scale effect on the thermal stability of nanoscale Cu/Ag multilayers Ma, Y. J.; Wei, M. Z.; Sun, C. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 686 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.048	journal	February 2017
Thermally activated microstructural evolution of sputtered nanostructured Mo–Au Bahena, Joel A.; Sebastian Riano, J.; Chellali, Mohammed R. Materialia, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2018.09.019	journal	December 2018
On the thermal stability and grain boundary segregation in nanocrystalline PtAu alloys Lu, P.; Abdeljawad, F.; Rodriguez, M. Materialia, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100298	journal	June 2019
Grain-size stabilization in nanocrystalline FeZr alloys Darling, Kris A.; Chan, Ryan N.; Wong, Patrick Z. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.04.045	journal	September 2008
Preferred nanocrystalline configurations in ternary and multicomponent alloys Xing, Wenting; Kalidindi, Arvind R.; Schuh, Christopher A. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.09.014	journal	January 2017
Exploring the thermal stability of a bimodal nanoscale multilayered system Riano, J. Sebastian; Hodge, Andrea M. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 166 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.02.043	journal	June 2019
Tailoring the thermal stability of nanocrystalline Ni alloy by thick grain boundaries Ding, Jie; Shang, Z.; Zhang, Y. F. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.02.032	journal	June 2020
Effect of substrate properties and thermal annealing on the resistivity of molybdenum thin films Schmid, U.; Seidel, H. Thin Solid Films, Vol. 489, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.05.003	journal	October 2005
Frictional performance and near-surface evolution of nanocrystalline Ni–Fe as governed by contact stress and sliding velocity Padilla, Henry A.; Boyce, Brad L.; Battaile, Corbett C. Wear, Vol. 297, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.10.018	journal	January 2013
Abrasive wear response of nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys across the Hall–Petchbreakdown Rupert, Timothy J.; Cai, Wenjun; Schuh, Christopher A. Wear, Vol. 298-299 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.021	journal	February 2013
The role of grain boundary character in solute segregation and thermal stability of nanocrystalline Pt–Au Barr, Christopher M.; Foiles, Stephen M.; Alkayyali, Malek Nanoscale, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR07180C	journal	January 2021
Photoelectron spectroscopy of metal cluster anions: Cu ⁻ _n , Ag ⁻ _n , and Au ⁻ _n Ho, Joe; Ervin, Kent M.; Lineberger, W. C. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459475	journal	November 1990
Photoionization spectroscopy of dichromium and dimolybdenum: Ionization potentials and bond energies Simard, Benoit; Lebeault-Dorget, Marie-Ange; Marijnissen, Adrian The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.476442	journal	June 1998
Thermal stability of nanocrystalline materials: thermodynamics and kinetics Peng, H. R.; Gong, M. M.; Chen, Y. Z. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2016.1257536	journal	November 2016
Thermally induced modification of GMR in Co/Cu multilayers: correlation among structural, transport, and magnetic properties Hecker, M.; Thomas, J.; Tietjen, D. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/36/5/322	journal	February 2003
Nanomaterials by design: a review of nanoscale metallic multilayers Sáenz-Trevizo, A.; Hodge, A. M. Nanotechnology, Vol. 31, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab803f	journal	May 2020
Grain boundary segregation and thermodynamically stable binary nanocrystalline alloys Trelewicz, Jason R.; Schuh, Christopher A. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.094112	journal	March 2009
Thermodynamics of stable nanocrystalline alloys: A Monte Carlo analysis Chookajorn, Tongjai; Schuh, Christopher A. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.064102	journal	February 2014
Grain Boundary Solute Drag Model in Regular Solution Alloys Alkayyali, Malek; Abdeljawad, Fadi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.175503	journal	October 2021
Metastable Tantalum Oxide Formation During the Devitrification of Amorphous Tantalum Thin Films Donaldson, Olivia K.; Hattar, Khalid; Trelewicz, Jason R. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 99, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.14384	journal	July 2016
Design of Stable Nanocrystalline Alloys Chookajorn, T.; Murdoch, H. A.; Schuh, C. A. Science, Vol. 337, Issue 6097 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224737	journal	August 2012
Thermal stability of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and iron–nickel alloys Thuvander, M.; Abraham, M.; Cerezo, A. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1179/026708301101510799	journal	August 2001
Nanocrystalline nickel and nickel-copper alloys: Synthesis, characterization, and thermal stability Natter, H.; Schmelzer, M.; Hempelmann, R. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1998.0169	journal	May 1998
Effects of Elevated Temperature Annealing on the Structure and Hardness of Copper/niobium Nanolayered Films Misra, A.; Hoagland, R. G. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2005.0250	journal	August 2005
Microstructural evolution during the heat treatment of nanocrystalline alloys Detor, A. J.; Schuh, C. A. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 22, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2007.0403	journal	November 2007
Grain Growth Behaviour Of Nanocrystalline Nickel El-Sherik, A. M.; Boylan, K.; Erb, U. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 238 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-238-727	journal	January 1991
High temperature stabilization of nanocrystalline grain size: Thermodynamic versus kinetic strategies Koch, Carl C.; Scattergood, Ronald O.; Saber, Mostafa Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 28, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.429	journal	January 2013
Estimation of grain boundary segregation enthalpy and its role in stable nanocrystalline alloy design Murdoch, Heather A.; Schuh, Christopher A. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 28, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.211	journal	August 2013
Duplex nanocrystalline alloys: Entropic nanostructure stabilization and a case study on W–Cr Chookajorn, Tongjai; Park, Mansoo; Schuh, Christopher A. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.385	journal	January 2015
Solute stabilization of nanocrystalline tungsten against abnormal grain growth Donaldson, Olivia K.; Hattar, Khalid; Kaub, Tyler Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.296	journal	September 2017
Impurity stabilization of nanocrystalline grains in pulsed laser deposited tantalum Donaldson, Olivia K.; Wang, Wenbo; Hattar, Khalid Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 32, Issue 07 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.68	journal	March 2017
Five Decades of the Zener Equation. Manohar, P. A.; Ferry, M.; Chandra, T. ISIJ International, Vol. 38, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.38.913	journal	January 1998
A comparison of thermal stability in nanocrystalline Ni- and Co-based materials: Dedicated to Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. Klaus Wetzig on the occasion of his 65th birthday da Silva, Melina; Klement, Uta Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, Vol. 96, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101133	journal	September 2005
Thermodynamic stabilization of nanocrystallinity Krill, C. E.; Ehrhardt, H.; Birringer, R. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde, Vol. 96, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101152	journal	October 2005
An Overview of Nano Multilayers as Model Systems for Developing Nanoscale Microstructures Appleget, Chelsea D.; Riano, Juan Sebastian; Hodge, Andrea M. Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010382	journal	January 2022
Microstructural Transitions during Powder Metallurgical Processing of Solute Stabilized Nanostructured Tungsten Alloys Olynik, Nicholas; Cheng, Bin; Sprouster, David J. Metals, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010159	journal	January 2022
Annealing Effects on the Structural Properties of Gold Films on Si by the RF Magnetron Sputtering Lee, Kyung Chul; Kim, Nam Ho; O., B. H. Materials Science Forum, Vol. 475-479 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.475-479.3923	journal	January 2005

Unraveling Thermodynamic and Kinetic Contributions to the Stability of Doped Nanocrystalline Alloys using Nanometallic Multilayers

References (98)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Unraveling Thermodynamic and Kinetic Contributions to the Stability of Doped Nanocrystalline Alloys using Nanometallic Multilayers

Citation Formats

References (98)

Similar Records

Related Subjects