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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Journal Article · · Astrophys.J.Lett.
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  1. MIT; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
  2. Malaya U.
  3. Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.
  4. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  5. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; CCA, New York
  6. Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  7. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Valencia U., Astro. Astrophys.; Valencia U., IFIC
  8. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.
  9. Yale Ctr. Astron. Astrophys.; Yale U., Dept. Astron.
  10. MIT
  11. Fermilab; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
  12. Subaru Telescope
  13. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Southern Methodist U.
  14. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
  15. Leiden Observ.
  16. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Caltech
  17. Taipei, Inst. Astron. Astrophys.; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.
  18. McGill U.
  19. IRAM, St. Martin d'Heres
  20. Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  21. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
  22. Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Waterloo U.; Waterloo U., IQC; Southern Methodist U.
  23. KASI, DaeJeon; KAIST, Taejon
  24. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U.; Chicago U., EFI
  25. Princeton U., PCTS
  26. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Arizona U.
  27. Cornell U., Radio. Space Res. Ctr.
  28. U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA
  29. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.
  30. Fairfield U.
  31. Chalmers U. Tech.
  32. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP
  33. Frankfurt U.
  34. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.
  35. CCA, New York; Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.
  36. Frankfurt U.; Naples U.; INFN, Naples; Southern Methodist U.
  37. U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; Pretoria U.; Rhodes U.
  38. LESIA, Meudon
  39. Colorado U.
  40. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; NAOC, Beijing
  41. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Massachusetts U., Boston
  42. NRAO, Charlottesville
  43. MIT; Thinking Machines, Cambridge
  44. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Frankfurt U.
  45. Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Harvard U.
  46. Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
  47. Waterloo U.; Waterloo U., IQC
  48. Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Leiden Observ.
  49. Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins
  50. INAOE, Puebla; Conacyt, Mexico
  51. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.
  52. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Unlisted, CN
  53. Groningen U.
  54. Peking U.; Peking U., Beijing, KIAA
  55. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Tokyo U.
  56. INAOE, Puebla
  57. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo, Inst. Statistical Math.; Tokyo U., IPMU
  58. Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Southern Methodist U.
  59. Unlisted, US, MA
  60. Boston U.; St. Petersburg State U.
  61. Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Waterloo U.
  62. Tokyo U., ICRR
  63. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Southern Methodist U.
  64. ASTRON, Dwingeloo
  65. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; KASI, DaeJeon
  66. KASI, DaeJeon
  67. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Caltech
  68. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Kogakuin U.
  69. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Tokyo U.
  70. Taiwan, Natl. Normal U.; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.; Academia Sinica, Taiwan
  71. NOAO, Tucson
  72. KASI, DaeJeon; Southern Methodist U.
  73. Caltech; Unlisted, CN
  74. Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.
  75. Nanjing U., Dept. Astron.
  76. Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  77. Bologna Observ.
  78. Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.
  79. UNAM, Morelia, Inst. Radioastron. Astrophys.; Mexico U., ICN
  80. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.
  81. Yunnan Observ.; NAOC, Beijing
  82. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Bologna Observ.
  83. Boston U.
  84. Valencia U., Astro. Astrophys.; Valencia U., IFIC
  85. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study
  86. Frankfurt U.; Tsung-Dao Lee Inst., Shanghai; Shanghai Jiaotong U.
  87. MIT; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan
  88. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP
  89. Nijmegen U., IMAPP; U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA; Madrid, CIEMAT
  90. ESTEC, Noordwijk; Chicago U., EFI
  91. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
  92. Concepcion U.; Unlisted, CN
  93. Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Hachinohe Inst. Tech.
  94. Massachusetts U., Amherst
  95. U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; Rhodes U.; South African Astron. Observ.
  96. Frankfurt U.; Athens U.
  97. Villanova U.; Southern Methodist U.
  98. Washington U., St. Louis
  99. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Southern Methodist U.
  100. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan
  101. Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.
  102. UC, Berkeley
  103. U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA; Frankfurt U.
  104. Harvard U.
  105. Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.
  106. Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Taiwan, Natl. Normal U.
  107. Concepcion U.; Southern Methodist U.
  108. Subaru Telescope; Southern Methodist U.
  109. Frankfurt U.; Frankfurt U., FIAS; Trinity Coll., Dublin
  110. CCA, New York; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.
  111. IRAM, Granada
  112. Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Hiroshima U.
  113. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Aalto U.
  114. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Peking U., Beijing, KIAA
  115. KASI, DaeJeon; KAIST, Taejon; Yonsei U.
  116. Caltech
  117. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Leiden Observ.; NWO, The Hague; Southern Methodist U.
  118. Tohoku U., IIAIR; Tohoku U., Astron. Inst.
  119. Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; IRAM, Granada
  120. Seoul Natl. U.
  121. ASTRON, Dwingeloo; Leiden Observ.
  122. Central Lancashire U.
  123. Brandeis U.
  124. Illinois U., Urbana
  125. Hua-Zhong U. Sci. Tech.
  126. Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Ohio State U.
  127. Frankfurt U.; Mullard Space Sci. Lab.
  128. Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; Beijing, GUCAS
  129. Hefei, CUST
+ Show Author Affiliations
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n_e of order 10^4-7 cm-3, magnetic field strength B of order 1-30 G, and electron temperature Te of order (1-12) x 10^10 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3-20) x 10^-4 Msun yr-1.
Research Organization:
ASTRON, Dwingeloo; Aalto U.; Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Arizona U.; Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Athens U.; Beijing, GUCAS; Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.; Bologna Observ.; Bonn, Max Planck Inst., Radioastron.; Boston U.; Brandeis U.; CCA, New York; Caltech; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Central Lancashire U.; Chalmers U. Tech.; Chicago U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Colorado U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; Conacyt, Mexico; Concepcion U.; Cornell U., Radio. Space Res. Ctr.; ESTEC, Noordwijk; Fairfield U.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Frankfurt U.; Frankfurt U., FIAS; Granada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.; Groningen U.; Hachinohe Inst. Tech.; Harvard U.; Harvard U. (main); Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Hefei, CUST; Hiroshima U.; Hua-Zhong U. Sci. Tech.; INAOE, Puebla; INFN, Naples; IRAM, Granada; IRAM, St. Martin d'Heres; Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; KAIST, Taejon; KASI, DaeJeon; Kogakuin U.; LESIA, Meudon; Leiden Observ.; MIT; Madrid, CIEMAT; Malaya U.; Massachusetts U., Amherst; Massachusetts U., Boston; McGill U.; Mexico U., ICN; Mullard Space Sci. Lab.; NAOC, Beijing; NOAO, Tucson; NRAO, Charlottesville; NWO, The Hague; Nanjing U. Sci. Tech.; Nanjing U., Dept. Astron.; Naples U.; Natl. Astron. Observ. of Japan; Nijmegen U., IMAPP; Ohio State U.; Peking U.; Peking U., Beijing, KIAA; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Pretoria U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Princeton U., PCTS; Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study; Rhodes U.; Seoul Natl. U.; Shanghai Jiaotong U.; Shanghai, Astron. Observ.; South African Astron. Observ.; Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; Southern Methodist U.; St. Petersburg State U.; Subaru Telescope; Taipei, Inst. Astron. Astrophys.; Taiwan, Natl. Normal U.; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.; Thinking Machines, Cambridge; Tohoku U., Astron. Inst.; Tohoku U., IIAIR; Tokyo U.; Tokyo U., ICRR; Tokyo U., IPMU; Tokyo, Grad. U. Adv. Stud.; Tokyo, Inst. Statistical Math.; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Trinity Coll., Dublin; Tsung-Dao Lee Inst., Shanghai; U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA; U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; UC, Berkeley; UNAM, Morelia, Inst. Radioastron. Astrophys.; Unlisted, CN; Unlisted, US, MA; Valencia U., Astro. Astrophys.; Valencia U., IFIC; Villanova U.; Washington U., St. Louis; Waterloo U.; Waterloo U., IQC; Yale Ctr. Astron. Astrophys.; Yale U., Dept. Astron.; Yonsei U.; Yunnan Observ.
Sponsoring Organization:
US Department of Energy
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11359
OSTI ID:
1869961
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 23154151
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-21-850-PPD; oai:inspirehep.net:1856857; arXiv:2105.01173
Journal Information:
Astrophys.J.Lett., Journal Name: Astrophys.J.Lett. Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 910
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Kerr black holes
accretion
black holes
event horizons
jets
magnetic fields
magnetohydrodynamics
plasma astrophysics
polarimetry
radiative transfer
radio jets
relativistic jets