Spontaneous self-propulsion and nonequilibrium shape fluctuations of a droplet enclosing active particles

Kokot, Gašper; Faizi, Hammad A.; Pradillo, Gerardo E.; Snezhko, Alexey; Vlahovska, Petia M.

doi:10.1038/s42005-022-00872-9

Title: Spontaneous self-propulsion and nonequilibrium shape fluctuations of a droplet enclosing active particles

Journal Article · Thu Apr 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Communications Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-00872-9· OSTI ID:1869167

Kokot, Gašper ^[1]; Faizi, Hammad A. ^[2]; Pradillo, Gerardo E. ^[2];

^[3];

^[2]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Univ. of Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Active particles, such as swimming bacteria or self-propelled colloids, spontaneously assemble into large-scale dynamic structures. Geometric boundaries often enforce different spatio-temporal patterns compared to unconfined environment and thus provide a platform to control the behavior of active matter. Here, we report collective dynamics of active particles enclosed by soft, deformable boundary, that is responsive to the particles’ activity. We reveal that a quasi two-dimensional fluid droplet enclosing motile colloids powered by the Quincke effect (Quincke rollers) exhibits strong shape fluctuations with a power spectrum consistent with active fluctuations driven by particle-interface collisions. A broken detailed balance confirms the nonequilibrium nature of the shape dynamics. We further find that rollers self-organize into a single drop-spanning vortex, which can undergo a spontaneous symmetry breaking and vortex splitting. The droplet acquires motility while the vortex doublet exists. Our findings provide insights into the complex collective behavior of active colloidal suspensions in soft confinement.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; DMR-2004926

OSTI ID:: 1869167

Journal Information:: Communications Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 1; ISSN 2399-3650

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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