Examining the effects of chemical cleaning, leaching, and partial dissolution on zinc and cadmium isotope fractionation in marine carbonates

Druce, Matthew; Stirling, Claudine H.; Bostock, Helen C.; Rolison, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120738

Title: Examining the effects of chemical cleaning, leaching, and partial dissolution on zinc and cadmium isotope fractionation in marine carbonates

Journal Article · Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Chemical Geology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120738· OSTI ID:1868164

Druce, Matthew ^[1]; Stirling, Claudine H. ^[1]; Bostock, Helen C. ^[2]; Rolison, John M. ^[3]

Univ. of Otago, Dunedin (New Zealand)
National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington (New Zealand); Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

The application of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) isotopes as palaeo-proxies in carbonate sediment is rapidly expanding due to their potential for tracing changes in biological productivity in the modern and past oceans. However, there are limited investigations into the chemical cleaning methods required to produce the most consistent and accurate data for these novel isotope systems. This could impact their use as palaeo-proxies to reconstruct ocean-atmosphere-climate interactions throughout Earth's history. To address this concern and expand the utility of the Zn and Cd stable isotope systems as palaeo-productivity tracers, the performance of two standard chemical cleaning protocols for acquiring robust and reliable Zn and Cd isotope datasets were assessed. These include (i) the Cd-cleaning method that uses a reductive step to selectively leach contaminating secondary iron (Fe)-manganese (Mn) (oxyhydr)oxide coatings from the carbonate surface, and an oxidative step that is used to remove post-depositional organic matter and sulphide precipitates; and (ii) the magnesium/calcium cleaning protocol that includes an oxidative step only, leaving secondary Fesingle bondMn (oxyhydr)oxide coatings largely intact. Well-preserved Holocene-, and Mesozoic-aged carbonate sediments were used to test the reliability of these two chemical cleaning methods. The Holocene samples comprised not only aliquots of bulk sediment, but also individual species of planktic and benthic foraminifera. Our results show that the best practice chemical cleaning method for retrieving consistent and accurate Zn and Cd isotope, and Zn/Ca and Cd/Ca datasets for carbonate sediments, requires both reductive and oxidative cleaning following the Cd-cleaning method. This differs from most methodological approaches applied to date that remove the reductive step from the chemical cleaning protocol and apply an oxidative step only, or no chemical cleaning at all. Inclusion of the reductive step in the chemical cleaning method typically shifts δ⁶⁶Zn by ~0.1‰ lower and δ¹¹⁴Cd by 0.3‰ higher in the solid phase, while Zn/Ca and Cd/Ca typically decrease 2-fold. The benthic foraminifera, C. wuellerstorfi, that live in ocean bottom waters where the seawater Zn and Cd isotope composition is homogeneous display evidence of Zn and Cd isotope fractionation between seawater and carbonate on the order of 0.08 ± 0.08‰ (2SE, n = 4) and -0.25 ± 0.13‰ (2SE, n = 4), respectively, in agreement with experimental constraints. Furthermore, evidence of Zn isotope fractionation effects are recorded in a naturally-dissolved carbonate sediment, together with laboratory-controlled carbonate dissolution experiments. Based on these results, we recommend the Cd-cleaning method and the application of Zn and Cd isotope fractionation factors to accurately reconstruct past seawater Zn and Cd isotope compositions from carbonate sediments.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden; University of Otago Research Grant; International Ocean Discovery

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; UOO1717

OSTI ID:: 1868164

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-835235; 1054125

Journal Information:: Chemical Geology, Vol. 592, Issue N/A; ISSN 0009-2541

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Examining the effects of chemical cleaning, leaching, and partial dissolution on zinc and cadmium isotope fractionation in marine carbonates

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