Critical review of functionalized silica sorbent strategies for selective extraction of rare earth elements from acid mine drainage

Wilfong, Walter C.; Ji, Tuo; Duan, Yuhua; Shi, Fan; Wang, Qiuming; Gray, McMahan L.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127625

Critical review of functionalized silica sorbent strategies for selective extraction of rare earth elements from acid mine drainage

Journal Article · Sat Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Hazardous Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127625· OSTI ID:1868079

Wilfong, Walter C. ^[1]; Ji, Tuo ^[1]; Duan, Yuhua ^[1]; Shi, Fan ^[1]; Wang, Qiuming ^[1]; Gray, McMahan L. ^[1]

National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

We report the ubiquitous and growing global reliance on rare earth elements (REEs) for modern technology and the need for reliable domestic sources underscore the rising trend in REE-related research. Adsorption-based methods for REE recovery from liquid waste sources are well-positioned to compete with those of solvent extraction, both because of their expected lower negative environmental impact and simpler process operations. Functionalized silica represents a rising category of low cost and stable sorbents for heavy metal and REE recovery. These materials have collectively achieved high capacity and/or high selective removal of REEs from ideal solutions and synthetic or real coal wastewater and other leachate source. These sorbents are competitive with conventional materials, such as ion exchange resins, activated carbon; and novel polymeric materials like ion-imprinted particles and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). This critical review first presents a data mining analysis for rare earth element recovery publications indexed in Web of science, highlighting changes in REE recovery research foci and confirming the sharply growing interest in functionalized silica sorbents. A detailed examination of sorbent formulation and operation strategies to selectively separate heavy (HREE), middle (MREE), and light (LREE) REEs from the aqueous sources is presented. Selectivity values for sorbents were largely calculated from available figure data and gauged the success of the associated strategies, primarily: (1) silane-grafted ligands, (2) impregnated ligands, and (3) bottom-up ligand/silica hybrids. These were often accompanied by successful co-strategies, especially bite angle control, site saturation, and selective REE elution. Recognizing the need to remove competing fouling metals to achieve purified REE “baskets,” we highlight techniques for eliminating these species from acid mine drainage (AMD) and suggest a novel adsorption-based process for purified REE extraction that could be adapted to different water systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89243318CFE000003

OSTI ID:: 1868079

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1834972

Journal Information:: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Hazardous Materials Journal Issue: Part C Vol. 424; ISSN 0304-3894

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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