Ice‐Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs

Burrows, Susannah M.; McCluskey, Christina S.; Cornwell, Gavin; Steinke, Isabelle; Zhang, Kai; Zhao, Bin; Zawadowicz, Maria; Raman, Aishwarya; Kulkarni, Gourihar; China, Swarup; Zelenyuk, Alla; DeMott, Paul J.

doi:10.1029/2021RG000745

Title: Ice‐Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs

Journal Article · Mon May 16 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2021RG000745· OSTI ID:1867947

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Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China
Department of Climate and Environmental Science Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA

Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a critical role in cloud freezing processes, with important implications for precipitation formation and cloud radiative properties, and thus for weather and climate. Additionally, INP emissions respond to changes in the Earth System and climate, e.g., desertification, agricultural practices, and fires, and therefore may introduce climate feedbacks that are still poorly understood. A better understanding of INP sources, their atmospheric variability, and cloud responses to INPs is required to improve Earth System predictability. As knowl-edge of the nature and origins of INPs has advanced, regional and global weather, climate, and Earth system models have increasingly begun to link cloud ice processes to model-simulated aerosol abundance and types. While these recent advances in nu-merical modeling of INPs are exciting, coupling cloud processes to simulated aerosol also makes cloud physics simulations increasingly susceptible to errors and uncertain-ties in simulation of INPs that are poorly constrained. Advancing INP predictability will require an increased focus on research that bridges the measurement and modeling communities. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and identifies critical knowledge gaps from both observational and modeling perspectives. In partic-ular, we emphasize the need for research that advances our understanding and capa-bilities in two key areas: (1) observational closure between aerosol and INP quantities and (2) skillful simulation of INPs within existing weather and climate models. We discuss the state of knowledge on various INP particle types as it relates to both of these goals, and briefly discuss the challenges faced in understanding cloud impacts of INPs with present-day models. Finally, we identify priority research directions for both observations and models to improve understanding of INPs and their interactions with the Earth System.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)

Contributing Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Grant/Contract Number:: DE‐SC0021116; DE‐SC0020006; AC05‐76RL01830; DE‐SC0020098; AC05-76RL01830; SC0020098; SC0021116; SC0020006; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1867947

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1864503; OSTI ID: 1868184; OSTI ID: 1872375; OSTI ID: 1874076

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-165298; BNL-223074-2022-JAAM; e2021RG000745

Journal Information:: Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Vol. 60 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 8755-1209

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Integrating laboratory and field data to quantify the immersion freezing ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles DeMott, P. J.; Prenni, A. J.; McMeeking, G. R. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-393-2015	journal	January 2015
Ice cloud formation potential by free tropospheric particles from long-range transport over the Northern Atlantic Ocean: ICE CLOUD FORMATION BY AGED PARTICLES China, Swarup; Alpert, Peter A.; Zhang, Bo Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025817	journal	March 2017
Effects of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles on precipitation processes and supercooled liquid in mixed-phase orographic clouds Fan, Jiwen; Leung, L. Ruby; Rosenfeld, Daniel Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1017-2017	journal	January 2017
Resolving the internal structure of individual atmospheric aerosol particle by the combination of Atomic Force Microscopy, ESEM–EDX, Raman and ToF–SIMS imaging Sobanska, S.; Falgayrac, G.; Rimetz-Planchon, J. Microchemical Journal, Vol. 114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.007	journal	May 2014
Field evaluation of a Portable Fine Particle Concentrator (PFPC) for ice nucleating particle measurements Gute, Ellen; Lacher, Larissa; Kanji, Zamin A. Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2019.1626346	journal	June 2019
Continuous online monitoring of ice-nucleating particles: development of the automated Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC-Auto) Brunner, Cyril; Kanji, Zamin A. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-269-2021	journal	January 2021
Examinations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues: EXAMINATIONS OF ICE FORMATION PROCESSES Prenni, Anthony J.; DeMott, Paul J.; Twohy, Cynthia Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 112, Issue D10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007549	journal	May 2007
A High-Performance Aerosol Concentrator for Biological Agent Detection Romay, F. J.; Roberts, D. L.; Marple, V. A. Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/027868202753504074	journal	January 2002
Contribution of fungi to primary biogenic aerosols in the atmosphere: wet and dry discharged spores, carbohydrates, and inorganic ions Elbert, W.; Taylor, P. E.; Andreae, M. O. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4569-2007	journal	January 2007
Impact of vertical air motions on ice formation rate in mixed-phase cloud layers Bühl, Johannes; Seifert, Patric; Engelmann, Ronny npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-019-0092-6	journal	October 2019
Ice nuclei in marine air: biogenic particles or dust? Burrows, S. M.; Hoose, C.; Pöschl, U. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-245-2013	journal	January 2013
The Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE): a new online instrument for laboratory studies and automated long-term field observations of ice-nucleating particles Möhler, Ottmar; Adams, Michael; Lacher, Larissa Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1143-2021	journal	January 2021
Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China Yun, Yuxing; Liu, Changhai; Luo, Yali Climate Dynamics, Vol. 54, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05070-y	journal	December 2019
Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate DeMott, P. J.; Prenni, A. J.; Liu, X. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910818107	journal	June 2010
Fluorescent bioaerosol particle, molecular tracer, and fungal spore concentrations during dry and rainy periods in a semi-arid forest Gosselin, Marie Ila; Rathnayake, Chathurika M.; Crawford, Ian Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15165-2016	journal	January 2016
Pore condensation and freezing is responsible for ice formation below water saturation for porous particles David, Robert O.; Marcolli, Claudia; Fahrni, Jonas Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813647116	journal	April 2019
Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation Cziczo, D. J.; Froyd, K. D.; Hoose, C. Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6138 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234145	journal	May 2013
Stochastic nucleation processes and substrate abundance explain time-dependent freezing in supercooled droplets Knopf, Daniel A.; Alpert, Peter A.; Zipori, Assaf npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-0106-4	journal	January 2020
The contribution of black carbon to global ice nucleating particle concentrations relevant to mixed-phase clouds Schill, Gregory P.; DeMott, Paul J.; Emerson, Ethan W. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001674117	journal	August 2020
Uncertainty assessment of current size-resolved parameterizations for below-cloud particle scavenging by rain Wang, X.; Zhang, L.; Moran, M. D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5685-2010	journal	January 2010
Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin China, Swarup; Burrows, Susannah M.; Wang, Bingbing Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4	journal	November 2018
Secondary Ice Formation in Idealised Deep Convection—Source of Primary Ice and Impact on Glaciation Miltenberger, Annette K.; Lüttmer, Tim; Siewert, Christoph Atmosphere, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050542	journal	May 2020
Development and characterization of an ice-selecting pumped counterflow virtual impactor (IS-PCVI) to study ice crystal residuals Hiranuma, Naruki; Möhler, Ottmar; Kulkarni, Gourihar Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3817-2016	journal	January 2016
Mixed‐phase cloud physics and Southern Ocean cloud feedback in climate models McCoy, Daniel T.; Hartmann, Dennis L.; Zelinka, Mark D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 120, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023603	journal	September 2015
Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. II: Multilayer cloud Morrison, Hugh; McCoy, Renata B.; Klein, Stephen A. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 135, Issue 641 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.415	journal	April 2009
Aerosol-induced intensification of cooling effect of clouds during Indian summer monsoon Sarangi, Chandan; Kanawade, Vijay P.; Tripathi, Sachchida N. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06015-5	journal	September 2018
Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles Suski, Kaitlyn J.; Hill, Tom C. J.; Levin, Ezra J. T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13755-2018	journal	January 2018
Evaluating climate geoengineering proposals in the context of the Paris Agreement temperature goals Lawrence, Mark G.; Schäfer, Stefan; Muri, Helene Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05938-3	journal	September 2018
Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: single-layer cloud Klein, Stephen A.; McCoy, Renata B.; Morrison, Hugh Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 135, Issue 641 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.416	journal	April 2009
Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles DeMott, Paul J.; Hill, Thomas C. J.; McCluskey, Christina S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514034112	journal	December 2015
Stimulation of ice nucleation by marine diatoms Knopf, D. A.; Alpert, P. A.; Wang, B. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1037	journal	December 2010
Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Performance Characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor Kulkarni, Gourihar; Pekour, Mikhail; Afchine, Armin Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.539291	journal	February 2011
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Global relevance of marine organic aerosol as ice nucleating particles Huang, Wan Ting Katty; Ickes, Luisa; Tegen, Ina Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11423-2018	journal	January 2018
Deciphering the Incipient Phases of Ice–Mineral Interactions as a Precursor of Physical Weathering Lybrand, Rebecca A.; Veghte, Daniel P.; China, Swarup ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00345	journal	April 2021
The temperature dependence of ice-nucleating particle concentrations affects the radiative properties of tropical convective cloud systems Hawker, Rachel E.; Miltenberger, Annette K.; Wilkinson, Jonathan M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5439-2021	journal	January 2021
Biological aerosol particles as a key determinant of ice nuclei populations in a forest ecosystem: BIOLOGICAL ICE NUCLEI IN FOREST Tobo, Yutaka; Prenni, Anthony J.; DeMott, Paul J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50801	journal	September 2013
Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components O'Sullivan, D.; Murray, B. J.; Malkin, T. L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1853-2014	journal	January 2014
The particle dry deposition component of total deposition from air quality models: right, wrong or uncertain? Saylor, Rick D.; Baker, Barry D.; Lee, Pius Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 71, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2018.1550324	journal	January 2019
OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) sea spray organic aerosol emissions – implementation in a global climate model and impacts on clouds Burrows, Susannah M.; Easter, Richard C.; Liu, Xiaohong Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022	journal	January 2022
Space observations of cold-cloud phase change Choi, Y. -S.; Lindzen, R. S.; Ho, C. -H. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006241107	journal	June 2010
Immersion freezing of birch pollen washing water Augustin, S.; Wex, H.; Niedermeier, D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10989-2013	journal	January 2013
Importance of aerosol composition, mixing state, and morphology for heterogeneous ice nucleation: A combined field and laboratory approach: HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION Baustian, Kelly J.; Cziczo, Daniel J.; Wise, Matthew E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016784	journal	March 2012
Design and Calibration of a Counterflow Virtual Impactor for Sampling of Atmospheric Fog and Cloud Droplets Noone, Kevin J.; Ogren, John A.; Heintzenberg, Jost Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/02786828808959186	journal	January 1988
Evaluation of operational online-coupled regional air quality models over Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII phase 2. Part II: Particulate matter Im, Ulas; Bianconi, Roberto; Solazzo, Efisio Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.072	journal	August 2015
Activation of intact bacteria and bacterial fragments mixed with agar as cloud droplets and ice crystals in cloud chamber experiments Suski, Kaitlyn J.; Bell, David M.; Hiranuma, Naruki Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17497-2018	journal	January 2018
The role of time in heterogeneous freezing nucleation: ROLE OF TIME IN ICE NUCLEATION Wright, Timothy P.; Petters, Markus D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50365	journal	May 2013

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