Sustainable Electric Vehicle Batteries for a Sustainable World: Perspectives on Battery Cathodes, Environment, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, Life Cycle, and Policy

Yang, Zhijie; Huang, Haibo; Lin, Feng

doi:10.1002/aenm.202200383

Sustainable Electric Vehicle Batteries for a Sustainable World: Perspectives on Battery Cathodes, Environment, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, Life Cycle, and Policy

Journal Article · Tue May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200383· OSTI ID:1867059

^[1]; Huang, Haibo ^[2]; ^[1]

Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Abstract

Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) can reduce carbon emissions by powering electric vehicles (EVs) and promoting renewable energy development with grid‐scale energy storage. However, LIB production and electricity generation still heavily rely on fossil fuels at present, resulting in major environmental concerns. Are LIBs as environmentally friendly and sustainable as expected at the current stage? In the past 5 years, a skyrocketing growth of the EV market has been witnessed. LIBs have garnered huge attention from academia, industry, government, non‐governmental organizations, investors, and the general public. Tremendous volumes of LIBs are already implemented in EVs today, with a continuing, exponential growth expected for the years to come. When LIBs reach their end‐of‐life in the next decades, what technologies can be in place to enable second‐life or recycling of batteries? Herein, life cycle assessment studies are examined to evaluate the environmental impact of LIBs, and EVs are compared with internal combustion engine vehicles regarding environmental sustainability. To provide a holistic view of the LIB development, this Perspective provides insights into materials development, manufacturing, recycling, legislation and policy, and beyond. Last but not least, the future development of LIBs and charging infrastructures in light of emerging technologies are envisioned.

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Research Organization:: University of California, Irvine, CA (United States); Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008444

OSTI ID:: 1867059

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1867060
OSTI ID: 1976249

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 26 Vol. 12; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Sustainable Electric Vehicle Batteries for a Sustainable World: Perspectives on Battery Cathodes, Environment, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, Life Cycle, and Policy

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