Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata

Field, John L.; Zhang, Yao; Marx, Ernie; Boote, Kenneth J.; Easter, Mark; George, Sheeja; Hoghooghi, Nahal; Johnston, Glenn; Masum, Farhad Hossain; Mulvaney, Michael J.; Paustian, Keith; Seepaul, Ramdeo; Swan, Amy; Williams, Steve; Wright, David; Dwivedi, Puneet

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.837883

Modeling Yield, Biogenic Emissions, and Carbon Sequestration in Southeastern Cropping Systems With Winter Carinata

Journal Article · Wed Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Frontiers in Energy Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.837883· OSTI ID:1865750

Field, John L. ^[1]; Zhang, Yao ^[2]; Marx, Ernie ^[2]; Boote, Kenneth J. ^[3]; Easter, Mark ^[4]; George, Sheeja ^[5]; Hoghooghi, Nahal ^[6]; Johnston, Glenn ^[7]; Masum, Farhad Hossain ^[6]; Mulvaney, Michael J. ^[8]; Paustian, Keith ^[9]; Seepaul, Ramdeo ^[5]; Swan, Amy ^[2]; Williams, Steve ^[2]; Wright, David ^[5]; Dwivedi, Puneet ^[7]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Natural Resource Ecology Lab.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Natural Resource Ecology Lab.
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Natural Resource Ecology Lab.; Indigo Agriculture, Boston, MA (United States)
Univ. of Florida, Quincy, FL (United States). North Florida Research and Education Center
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
Nuseed, West Sacramento, CA (United States)
Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Natural Resource Ecology Lab.; Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production from lipids is a technologically mature approach for replacing conventional fossil fuel use in the aviation sector, and there is increasing demand for such feedstocks. The oilseed Brassica carinata (known as Ethiopian mustard or simply carinata) is a promising SAF feedstock that can be grown as a supplemental cash crop over the winter fallow season of various annual crop rotations in the Southeast US, avoiding land use changes and potentially achieving some of the soil carbon sequestration and ecosystem service benefits of winter cover crops. However, carinata may require more intensive management than traditional cover crops, potentially leading to additional soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through increased carbon losses from soil tillage and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from nitrogen fertilizer application. In this work, the 2017 version of the process-based DayCent ecosystem model was used to establish initial expectations for the total regional SAF production potential and associated soil GHG emissions when carinata is integrated as a winter crop into the existing crop rotations across its current suitability range in southern Alabama, southern Georgia, and northern Florida. Using data from academic and industry carinata field trials in the region, DayCent was calibrated to reproduce carinata yield, nitrogen response, harvest index, and biomass carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The resulting model was then used to simulate the integration of carinata every third winter across all 2.1 Mha of actively cultivated cropland in the study area. The model predicted regional average yields of 2.9–3.0 Mg carinata seed per hectare depending on crop management assumptions. That results in the production of more than two million Mg of carinata seed annually across the study area, enough to supply approximately one billion liters of SAF. Conventional management of carinata led to only modest increases in soil carbon storage that were largely offset by additional N2O emissions. Climate-smart management via adopting no-till carinata establishment or using poultry litter as a nitrogen source resulted in a substantial net soil GHG sink (0.23–0.31 Mg CO₂e ha^-1 y^-1, or 0.24–0.32 Mg CO2e per Mg of seed produced) at the farms where carinata is cultivated.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDA; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1865750

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Energy Research, Journal Name: Frontiers in Energy Research Journal Issue: 0 Vol. 10; ISSN 2296-598X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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