Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement

Cosgrove, Daniel J.

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029421

Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement

Journal Article · Wed Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029421· OSTI ID:1865664

Cosgrove, Daniel J. ^[1]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States

Irreversible cell enlargement begins with cell wall loosening which induces wall stress relaxation, leading to cell water uptake and cell enlargement. Growing cell walls consist of a cohesive network of cellulose microfibrils embedded in hydrophilic pectins and cellulose-binding hemicelluloses. Models of the growing cell wall are provisional hypotheses about how these wall polymers interact to make a strong yet extensible wall. Recent results clarify how wall strength, plasticity and elasticity depend mostly on the stretching, straightening and sliding of cellulose microfibril networks in the wall. Passive sliding of cellulose microfibrils is facilitated by nonenzymic proteins named expansins while various enzymes modify pectins and hemicelluloses, altering their interactions with each other and with cellulose. Growth cessation is correlated with reduced expression of genes that promote wall loosening as well as changes in the direction of cellulose deposition and the structure of matrix polysaccharides, leading to a less extensible cell wall.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-84ER13179; SC0001090

OSTI ID:: 1865664

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1915130

Journal Information:: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) (Online), Journal Name: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) (Online) Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 2; ISSN 1476-9506

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
acid growth
cell enlargement
cell wall
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uptake
wall loosening
wall stress relaxation
xyloglucan (hemicellulose)

Plant Cell Growth and Cell Wall Enlargement

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