Is a Prescribed Fire Sufficient to Slow the Spread of Woody Plants in an Infrequently Burned Grassland? A Case Study in Tallgrass Prairie

Nippert, Jesse B.; Telleria, Lizeth; Blackmore, Pamela; Taylor, Jeffrey H.; O'Connor, Rory C.

doi:10.1016/j.rama.2021.05.007

Title: Is a Prescribed Fire Sufficient to Slow the Spread of Woody Plants in an Infrequently Burned Grassland? A Case Study in Tallgrass Prairie

Journal Article · Thu Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Rangeland Ecology & Management

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2021.05.007· OSTI ID:1865317

Nippert, Jesse B. ^[1]; Telleria, Lizeth ^[1]; Blackmore, Pamela ^[1]; Taylor, Jeffrey H. ^[1]; O'Connor, Rory C. ^[2]

Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States); US Department of Agriculture−Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR (United States)

In many mesic grasslands, such as the central Great Plains in North America, frequent fire is a key regulator of ecological processes. Long periods of infrequent fire facilitate the conversion of herbaceous-dominated grassland to woody-dominated shrubland or woodland. At the Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeast Kansas, one infrequently burned portion of the landscape has undergone transformation from grassland to woodland after nearly 30 yr without fire. In Spring 2017, a prescribed burn was implemented to assess fire effectiveness on woody plant mortality. A postfire census of 3 000+ individual woody plants identified the distribution of species by size (height), topographic position, and slope on the landscape. Mortality and canopy fire damage were calculated for each individual. In lowland locations with near-continuous shrub cover (30.7% of the landscape), woody plants were unaffected by fire. However, in upland and slope locations, where shrubs and trees were sparser, survival probability varied by topographic position and species. In these locations 68% of all woody individuals experienced 90% or greater fire damage to the canopy, with 56% of these individuals exhibiting new canopy regrowth within 2 mo after the fire. Here, the two most abundant woody shrubs, Cornus drummondii and Rhus aromatica, showed high survival at all height classes and landscape positions. The two abundant tree species, Gleditsia triacanthos and Juniperus virginiana, showed increased survival probability with tree height that varied by landscape position. Survival of J. virginiana also varied according to proximity and size of neighboring clonal shrubs, providing a mechanism for persistence of this fire-sensitive tree species even at small height classes. The probability survival curves developed here are useful for managers assessing when to prescribe fire to maximize mortality for J. virginiana and provide insight relevant for broader ecological understanding of woody encroachment within grasslands throughout the world.

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Research Organization:: Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019037

OSTI ID:: 1865317

Journal Information:: Rangeland Ecology & Management, Vol. 78; ISSN 1550-7424

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Is a Prescribed Fire Sufficient to Slow the Spread of Woody Plants in an Infrequently Burned Grassland? A Case Study in Tallgrass Prairie

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