SN 2020bqj: A Type Ibn supernova with a long-lasting peak plateau

Kool, E. C.; Karamehmetoglu, E.; Sollerman, J.; Schulze, S.; Lunnan, R.; Reynolds, T. M.; Barbarino, C.; Bellm, E. C.; De, K.; Duev, D. A.; Fremling, C.; Golkhou, V. Z.; Graham, M. L.; Green, D. A.; Horesh, A.; Kaye, S.; Kim, Y. -L.; Laher, R. R.; Masci, F. J.; Nordin, J.; Perley, D. A.; Phinney, E. S.; Porter, M.; Reiley, D.; Rodriguez, H.; van Roestel, J.; Rusholme, B.; Sharma, Y.; Sfaradi, I.; Soumagnac, M. T.; Taggart, K.; Tartaglia, L.; Williams, D. A.; Yan, L.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039137

Title: SN 2020bqj: A Type Ibn supernova with a long-lasting peak plateau

Journal Article · Tue Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039137· OSTI ID:1864173

Kool, E. C. ^[1]; Karamehmetoglu, E. ^[2]; Sollerman, J. ^[1]; Schulze, S. ^[3]; Lunnan, R. ^[1]; Reynolds, T. M. ^[4]; Barbarino, C. ^[1]; Bellm, E. C. ^[5]; De, K. ^[6]; Duev, D. A. ^[6]; Fremling, C. ^[6]; Golkhou, V. Z. ^[5]; Graham, M. L. ^[5]; Green, D. A. ^[7]; Horesh, A. ^[8]; Kaye, S. ^[6]; Kim, Y. -L. ^[9]; Laher, R. R. ^[6]; Masci, F. J. ^[6]; Nordin, J. ^[10] more »

Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
Aarhus Univ. (Denmark)
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
Univ. of Turku (Finland)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States)
Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
Univ. of Lyon (France)
Humboldt Univ. of Berlin (Germany)
Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom)
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom)

We report type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are a rare class of stripped envelope supernovae interacting with a helium-rich circumstellar medium (CSM). The majority of the SNe Ibn reported in the literature display a surprising homogeneity in their fast-evolving lightcurves and are typically found in actively starforming spiral galaxies. We present the discovery and the study of SN 2020bqj (ZTF20aalrqbu), a SN Ibn with a long-duration peak plateau lasting 40 days and hosted by a faint low-mass galaxy. We aim to explain its peculiar properties using an extensive photometric and spectroscopic data set. We compare the photometric and spectral evolution of SN 2020bqj with regular SNe Ibn from the literature, as well as with other outliers in the SN Ibn subclass. We fit the bolometric and multi-band lightcurves with powering mechanism models such as radioactive decay and CSM interaction. We also model the host galaxy of SN 2020bqj. The risetime, peak magnitude and spectral features of SN 2020bqj are consistent with those of most SNe Ibn, but the SN is a clear outlier in the subclass based on its bright, long-lasting peak plateau and the low mass of its faint host galaxy. We show through modeling that the lightcurve of SN 2020bqj can be powered predominantly by shock heating from the interaction of the SN ejecta and a dense CSM, combined with radioactive decay. The peculiar Type Ibn SN 2011hw is a close analog to SN 2020bqj in terms of lightcurve and spectral evolution, suggesting a similar progenitor and CSM scenario. In this scenario a very massive progenitor star in the transitional phase between a luminous blue variable and a compact Wolf-Rayet star undergoes core-collapse, embedded in a dense helium-rich CSM with an elevated opacity compared to normal SNe Ibn, due to the presence of residual hydrogen. This scenario is consistent with the observed properties of SN 2020bqj and the modeling results. SN 2020bqj is a compelling example of a transitional SN Ibn/IIn based on not only its spectral features, but also its lightcurve, host galaxy properties and the inferred progenitor properties. The strong similarity with SN 2011hw suggests this subclass may be the result of a progenitor in a stellar evolution phase that is distinct from those of progenitors of regular SNe Ibn.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); Swedish Research Council (SRC); European Union (EU); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Research Council (ERC); University of Washington; Israel Science Foundation; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Heising-Simons Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 2016-06012; H2020-MSCA-IF-2017-794467; GBMF5076; 759194; AST-1440341; SC0007914; 1106171: 1545949; 12540303; ERC-2012-StG-307215

OSTI ID:: 1864173

Journal Information:: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 652; ISSN 0004-6361

Publisher:: EDP SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae Taddia, F.; Stritzinger, M. D.; Sollerman, J. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 555 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321180	journal	June 2013
ATLAS: A High-cadence All-sky Survey System Tonry, J. L.; Denneau, L.; Heinze, A. N. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 130, Issue 988 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aabadf	journal	May 2018
An online repository of Swift /XRT light curves of $\vec \gamma$-ray bursts Evans, P. A.; Beardmore, A. P.; Page, K. L. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 469, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20077530	journal	April 2007
Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium - II. The transitional case of SN 2005la Pastorello, A.; Quimby, R. M.; Smartt, S. J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 389, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13603.x	journal	September 2008
The Zwicky Transient Facility Alert Distribution System Patterson, Maria T.; Bellm, Eric C.; Rusholme, Ben Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 995 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aae904	journal	November 2018
SN 2005 gj: evidence for LBV supernovae progenitors? Trundle, C.; Kotak, R.; Vink, J. S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 483, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200809755	journal	April 2008

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