PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion

Wong, George N.; Prather, Ben S.; Dhruv, Vedant; Ryan, Benjamin R.; Mościbrodzka, Monika; Chan, Chi-kwan; Joshi, Abhishek V.; Yarza, Ricardo; Ricarte, Angelo; Shiokawa, Hotaka; Dolence, Joshua C.; Noble, Scott C.; McKinney, Jonathan C.; Gammie, Charles F.

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac582e

PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion

Journal Article · Wed Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac582e· OSTI ID:1863140

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Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has released analyses of reconstructed images of horizon-scale millimeter emission near the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. Parts of the analyses made use of a large library of synthetic black hole images and spectra, which were produced using numerical general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics fluid simulations and polarized ray tracing. In this article, we describe the PATOKA pipeline, which was used to generate the Illinois contribution to the EHT simulation library. We begin by describing the relevant accretion systems and radiative processes. We then describe the details of the three numerical codes we use, iharm , ipole , and igrmonty , paying particular attention to differences between the current generation of the codes and the originally published versions. Finally, we provide a brief overview of simulated data as produced by PATOKA and conclude with a discussion of limitations and future directions.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1863140

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2008273

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--21-28826

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 259; ISSN 0067-0049

Publisher:: American Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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`GRay2` : A General Purpose Geodesic Integrator for Kerr Spacetimes Chan, Chi-kwan; Medeiros, Lia; Özel, Feryal The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadfe5	journal	October 2018
Numerical Evaluation of the Relativistic Magnetized Plasma Susceptibility Tensor and Faraday Rotation Coefficients Pandya, Alex; Chandra, Mani; Joshi, Abhishek The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae7d5	journal	November 2018
The Size, Shape, and Scattering of Sagittarius A* at 86 GHz: First VLBI with ALMA Issaoun, S.; Johnson, M. D.; Blackburn, L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf732	journal	January 2019
Electron and Proton Heating in Transrelativistic Guide Field Reconnection Rowan, Michael E.; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab03d7	journal	February 2019
Tilted Disks around Black Holes: A Numerical Parameter Survey for Spin and Inclination Angle White, Christopher J.; Quataert, Eliot; Blaes, Omer The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab089e	journal	June 2019
Constraining the Size of the Corona with Fully Relativistic Calculations of Spectra of Extended Coronae. I. The Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Code Zhang, Wenda; Dovčiak, Michal; Bursa, Michal The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1261	journal	April 2019
MOCMC: Method of Characteristics Moment Closure, a Numerical Method for Covariant Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics Ryan, Benjamin R.; Dolence, Joshua C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab75e1	journal	March 2020
Discriminating Accretion States via Rotational Symmetry in Simulated Polarimetric Images of M87 Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Wong, George N.; Prather, Ben S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 894, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab86ac	journal	May 2020
A Parametric Model for the Shapes of Black Hole Shadows in Non-Kerr Spacetimes Medeiros, Lia; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Özel, Feryal The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8bd1	journal	June 2020
Determining the Composition of Relativistic Jets from Polarization Maps Anantua, Richard; Emami, Razieh; Loeb, Abraham The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9103	journal	June 2020
THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope Broderick, Avery E.; Gold, Roman; Karami, Mansour The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4	journal	July 2020
Verification of Radiative Transfer Schemes for the EHT Gold, Roman; Broderick, Avery E.; Younsi, Ziri The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab96c6	journal	July 2020
Bremsstrahlung in GRMHD Models of Accreting Black Holes Yarza, Ricardo; Wong, George N.; Ryan, Benjamin R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9808	journal	July 2020
Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009–2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope Wielgus, Maciek; Akiyama, Kazunori; Blackburn, Lindy The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abac0d	journal	September 2020
Hadronic High-energy Emission from Magnetically Arrested Disks in Radio Galaxies Kimura, Shigeo S.; Toma, Kenji The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 905, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc343	journal	December 2020
Production and Persistence of Extreme Two-temperature Plasmas in Radiative Relativistic Turbulence Zhdankin, Vladimir; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Kunz, Matthew W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abcf31	journal	February 2021
Pair Drizzle around Sub-Eddington Supermassive Black Holes Wong, George N.; Ryan, Benjamin R.; Gammie, Charles F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 907, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd0f9	journal	February 2021
Black Hole Glimmer Signatures of Mass, Spin, and Inclination Wong, George N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 909, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abdd2d	journal	March 2021
The Role of Adaptive Ray Tracing in Analyzing Black Hole Structure Gelles, Z.; Prather, B. S.; Palumbo, D. C. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 912, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abee13	journal	May 2021
The Jet–disk Boundary Layer in Black Hole Accretion Wong, George N.; Du, Yufeng; Prather, Ben S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 914, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf8b8	journal	June 2021
Observing the Inner Shadow of a Black Hole: A Direct View of the Event Horizon Chael, Andrew; Johnson, Michael D.; Lupsasca, Alexandru The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 918, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac09ee	journal	August 2021
Updated Transfer Coefficients for Magnetized Plasmas Marszewski, Andrew; Prather, Ben S.; Joshi, Abhishek V. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 921, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1b28	journal	October 2021
Positron Effects on Polarized Images and Spectra from Jet and Accretion Flow Models of M87* and Sgr A* Emami, Razieh; Anantua, Richard; Chael, Andrew A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2950	journal	December 2021
Variational Image Feature Extraction for the Event Horizon Telescope Tiede, Paul; Broderick, Avery E.; Palumbo, Daniel C. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 925, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3a6b	journal	January 2022
The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project Porth, Oliver; Chatterjee, Koushik; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab29fd	journal	August 2019
The Extent of Power-Law Energy Spectra in Collisionless Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in pair Plasmas Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.; Cerutti, B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 816, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L8	journal	December 2015
The Radiative Efficiency and Spectra of Slowly Accreting Black Holes from Two-temperature GRRMHD Simulations Ryan, Benjamin R.; Ressler, Sean M.; Dolence, Joshua C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 844, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8034	journal	July 2017
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c96	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0e85	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1141	journal	April 2019
A Retrograde Spin of the Black Hole in MAXI J1659–152 Rout, Sandeep K.; Vadawale, Santosh; Méndez, Mariano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab629e	journal	January 2020
Ab Initio Horizon-scale Simulations of Magnetically Arrested Accretion in Sagittarius A* Fed by Stellar Winds Ressler, Sean M.; White, Christopher J.; Quataert, Eliot The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 896, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab9532	journal	June 2020
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon Akiyama, Kazunori; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Alberdi, Antxon The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 910, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de	journal	March 2021
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring Akiyama, Kazunori; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Alberdi, Antxon The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 910, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d	journal	March 2021
Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign Algaba, J. C.; Anczarski, J.; Asada, K. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 911, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abef71	journal	April 2021
Black Hole Flares: Ejection of Accreted Magnetic Flux through 3D Plasmoid-mediated Reconnection Ripperda, B.; Liska, M.; Chatterjee, K. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 924, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac46a1	journal	January 2022

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