Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

RELICS: A Very Large (θE ~ 40") Cluster Lens—RXC J0032.1+1808

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [6];  [7];  [5];  [8];  [9];  [7];  [2];  [10];  [11];  [9];  [12];  [3] more »;  [5];  [5];  [3];  [13];  [14];  [7];  [6];  [15];  [16];  [2];  [17];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [6];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21] « less
  1. Ben Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beer Sheva (Israel)
  2. Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
  3. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  4. Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Research Center for the Early Universe; Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)
  5. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  6. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Steward Observatory
  7. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  8. Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
  9. Academia Sinica Inst. of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Taipei (Taiwan)
  10. Univ. of Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
  11. Boston Univ., MA (United States). Inst. for Astrophysical Research
  12. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  13. Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research; Univ. of Tokyo
  14. Leiden Univ. (Netherlands). Leiden Observatory
  15. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Trieste (Italy). Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
  16. Univ. of Geneva, Versoix (Switzerland)
  17. Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research
  18. Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) (Denmark); Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Niels Bohr Inst.
  19. Univ. of Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
  20. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Padova (Italy). Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
  21. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Extensive surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope over the past decade, targeting some of the most massive clusters in the sky, have uncovered dozens of galaxy cluster strong lenses. The massive cluster strong-lens scale is typically θE ~ 10'' to ~30''–35'', with only a handful of clusters known with Einstein radii θE ~ 40'' or above (for zsource = 2, nominally). Here we report another very large cluster lens, RXC J0032.1+1808 (z = 0.3956), the second-richest cluster in the redMapper cluster catalog and the 85th most massive cluster in the Planck Sunyaev–Zel'dovich catalog. With our light-traces-mass and fully parametric approaches, we construct strong-lensing models based on 18 multiple images of five background galaxies newly identified in the Hubble data, mainly from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), in addition to a known sextuply imaged system in this cluster. Furthermore, we compare these models to Lenstool and GLAFIC models that were produced independently as part of the RELICS program. All models reveal a large effective Einstein radius of θE ≃ 40'' (zsource = 2), owing to the obvious concentration of substructures near the cluster center. Although RXC J0032.1+1808 has a very large critical area and high lensing strength, only three magnified high-redshift candidates are found within the field targeted by RELICS. Nevertheless, we expect many more high-redshift candidates will be seen in wider and deeper observations with Hubble or the James Webb Space Telescope. Finally, the comparison between several algorithms demonstrates that the total error budget is largely dominated by systematic uncertainties.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
European Research Council (ERC); JSPS KAKENHI; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) Taiwan; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1862745
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-831921; 1049238
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 898; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (76)

Small-scale fluctuations of relic radiation journal April 1970
Strong lensing in the MARENOSTRUM UNIVERSE: I. Biases in the cluster lens population journal September 2010
The strongest gravitational lenses: I. The statistical impact of cluster mergers journal November 2012
The strongest gravitational lenses: IV. The order statistics of the largest Einstein radii with cluster mergers journal September 2014
Planck 2015 results : XXII. A map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect journal September 2016
Molecular gas properties of a lensed star-forming galaxy at z ~ 3.6: a case study journal September 2017
Strong lensing models of eight CLASH clusters from extensive spectroscopy: Accurate total mass reconstructions in the cores journal November 2019
Enhanced cluster lensing models with measured galaxy kinematics journal November 2019
The ROSAT-ESO flux limited X-ray (REFLEX) galaxy cluster survey. I. The construction of the cluster sample journal April 2001
The mass distribution of RX J1347–1145 from strong lensing journal February 2008
SExtractor: Software for source extraction journal June 1996
Velocity dispersions and mass-to-light ratios for elliptical galaxies journal February 1976
The statistics of gravitational lenses - The distributions of image angular separations and lens redshifts journal September 1984
Mapping cluster mass distributions via gravitational lensing of background galaxies journal January 1995
The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos journal May 1996
A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection. I. The Algorithm journal October 2000
Bayesian Photometric Redshift Estimation journal June 2000
A Pair of Lensed Galaxies at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 4.92 in the Field of CL 1358+62 journal September 1997
Discovery of Red-selected Arcs at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 4.04 behind Abell 2390 journal June 1998
MACS: A Quest for the Most Massive Galaxy Clusters in the Universe journal June 2001
Cosmic Variance in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey journal January 2004
Faint Galaxies in Deep Advanced Camera for Surveys Observations journal January 2004
The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of A1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images journal January 2005
Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. I. Detection, Multiband Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Morphology journal July 2006
Cosmic Variance and Its Effect on the Luminosity Function Determination in Deep High‐ z Surveys journal April 2008
Toward a Halo Mass Function for Precision Cosmology: The Limits of Universality journal December 2008
THE LARGEST GRAVITATIONAL LENS: MACS J0717.5+3745 ( z = 0.546) journal November 2009
A SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH-SELECTED SAMPLE OF THE MOST MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE 2500 deg 2 SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY journal August 2011
redMaPPer. I. ALGORITHM AND SDSS DR8 CATALOG journal April 2014
CLASH: A CENSUS OF MAGNIFIED STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 6-8 journal August 2014
Frontier Fields: High-Redshift Predictions and Early Results journal February 2015
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE COMBINED STRONG AND WEAK LENSING ANALYSIS OF THE CLASH SAMPLE: MASS AND MAGNIFICATION MODELS AND SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES journal March 2015
UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT REDSHIFTS z ∼ 4 TO z ∼ 10: 10,000 GALAXIES FROM HST LEGACY FIELDS journal April 2015
FIRST FRONTIER FIELD CONSTRAINTS ON THE COSMIC STAR FORMATION RATE DENSITY AT z ∼ 10—THE IMPACT OF LENSING SHEAR ON COMPLETENESS OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXY SAMPLES journal July 2015
The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function over the First two Billion Years journal September 2015
The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (Glass). i. Survey Overview and First data Release journal October 2015
The Galaxy uv Luminosity Function Before the Epoch of Reionization journal October 2015
A MULTI-WAVELENGTH MASS ANALYSIS OF RCS2 J232727.6-020437, A ∼3 × 10 15 M ⊙ GALAXY CLUSTER AT z = 0.7 journal November 2015
The Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble: an Overview journal March 2012
A Bayesian approach to strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters journal December 2007
THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS: HST SPECTROSCOPY OF FAINT GALAXIES LENSED BY THE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER MACSJ0717.5+3745 journal February 2014
Gravitational lensing in a cold dark matter universe journal March 1988
Constraining the galaxy mass content in the core of A383 using velocity dispersion measurements for individual cluster members journal December 2014
Characterizing strong lensing galaxy clusters using the Millennium-XXL and moka simulations journal July 2016
The Frontier Fields lens modelling comparison project journal August 2017
A free-form lensing model of A370 revealing stellar mass dominated BCGs, in Hubble Frontier Fields images journal October 2017
The core of the massive cluster merger MACS J0417.5−1154 as seen by VLT/MUSE journal December 2018
Probability of magnification in the HubbleFrontier Fields clusters journal May 2019
Probing 3D Structure with a Large MUSE Mosaic: Extending the Mass Model of Frontier Field Abell 370 journal March 2019
The Mass Distribution of SDSS J1004$+$4112 Revisited journal August 2010
The effects of ellipticity and substructure on estimates of cluster density profiles based on lensing and kinematics journal September 2007
The Galaxy and its stellar halo: insights on their formation from a hybrid cosmological approach journal November 2008
What is the largest Einstein radius in the universe? journal January 2009
LoCuSS: first results from strong-lensing analysis of 20 massive galaxy clusters at z = 0.2 journal March 2010
Strong-lensing analysis of a complete sample of 12 MACS clusters at z > 0.5: mass models and Einstein radii: Mass models of 12 z > 0.5 MACS clusters journal October 2010
Combined strong and weak lensing analysis of 28 clusters from the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey★: Combined strong and weak lensing analysis of 28 clusters journal January 2012
The universal Einstein radius distribution from 10 000 SDSS clusters: The universal Einstein radius distribution journal May 2012
Complex structures in galaxy cluster fields: implications for gravitational lensing mass models journal January 2007
Abell 370 revisited: refurbished Hubble imaging of the first strong lensing cluster: Strong-lensing analysis of Abell 370 journal December 2009
Galaxy cluster strong lensing: image deflections from density fluctuations along the line of sight: Strong lensing: deflections from the LOS journal December 2011
PRECISE STRONG LENSING MASS MODELING OF FOUR HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELD CLUSTERS AND A SAMPLE OF MAGNIFIED HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES journal March 2016
The Systematics of Strong lens Modeling Quantified: the Effects of Constraint Selection and Redshift Information on Magnification, Mass, and Multiple Image Predictability journal November 2016
The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results journal March 2017
RELICS: Strong-lensing Analysis of the Massive Clusters MACS J0308.9+2645 and PLCK G171.9−40.7 journal May 2018
RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey journal June 2018
An Evaluation of 10 Lensing Models of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 journal August 2018
RELICS: A Strong Lens Model for SPT-CLJ0615–5746, a z = 0.972 Cluster journal August 2018
RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of the Galaxy Clusters Abell S295, Abell 697, MACS J0025.4-1222, and MACS J0159.8-0849 journal August 2018
RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of MACS J0417.5–1154 and Predictions for Observing the Magnified High-redshift Universe with JWST journal March 2019
RELICS: High-resolution Constraints on the Inner Mass Distribution of the z = 0.83 Merging Cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 from Strong Lensing journal April 2019
RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey journal October 2019
RELICS: The Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey and the Brightest High- z Galaxies journal February 2020
Strong Lens Models for 37 Clusters of Galaxies from the SDSS Giant Arcs Survey journal February 2020
The BUFFALO HST Survey journal April 2020
A Very Large ( θ E ≳ 40″) Strong Gravitational Lens Selected with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect: PLCK G287.0+32.9 ( z = 0.38) journal April 2017
RELICS: A Candidate z ∼ 10 Galaxy Strongly Lensed into a Spatially Resolved Arc journal August 2018

Similar Records

RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of MACS J0417.5–1154 and Predictions for Observing the Magnified High-redshift Universe with JWST
Journal Article · Wed Mar 06 19:00:00 EST 2019 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1545279
A Very Large (θ{sub E} ≳ 40″) Strong Gravitational Lens Selected with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect: PLCK G287.0+32.9 (z = 0.38)
Journal Article · Mon Apr 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Astrophysical Journal Letters · OSTI ID:22869135

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
galaxy clusters
strong gravitational lensing