Beyond single crystals: Imaging rubrene polymorphism across crystalline batches through lattice phonon Raman microscopy

Clapham, Margaret L.; Leighton, Ryan E.; Douglas, Christopher J.; Frontiera, Renee R.

doi:10.1063/5.0065496

Beyond single crystals: Imaging rubrene polymorphism across crystalline batches through lattice phonon Raman microscopy

Journal Article · Tue Dec 14 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0065496· OSTI ID:1856820

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Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); The University of Minnesota- Twin Cities
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Polymorphism is an issue troubling numerous scientific fields. A phenomenon where molecules can arrange in different orientations in a crystal lattice, polymorphism in the field of organic photovoltaic materials can dramatically change electronic properties of these materials. Rubrene is a benchmark photovoltaic material showing high carrier mobility in only one of its three polymorphs. To use rubrene in devices, it is important to quantify the polymorph distribution arising from a particular crystal growth method. However, current methods for characterizing polymorphism are either destructive or inefficient for batch scale characterization. Lattice phonon Raman spectroscopy has the ability to distinguish between polymorphs based on low frequency intermolecular vibrations. Here, we present here the addition of microscopy to lattice phonon Raman spectroscopy, which allows us to not only characterize polymorphs efficiently and nondestructively through Raman spectroscopy but also concurrently gain information on the size and morphology of the polymorphs. We provide examples for how this technique can be used to perform large, batch scale polymorph characterization for crystals grown from solution and physical vapor transport.We end with a case study showing how Raman microscopy can be used to efficiently optimize a green crystal growth method, selecting for large orthorhombic crystals desired for rubrene electronic device applications.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018203

OSTI ID:: 1856820

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1835901

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Chemical Physics Journal Issue: 23 Vol. 155; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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