Twisted A-D-A Type Acceptors with Thermally-Activated Delayed Crystallization Behavior for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

Wu, Yilei; Schneider, Sebastian; Yuan, Yue; Young, Ryan M.; Francese, Tommaso; Mansoor, Iram F.; Dudenas, Peter J.; Lei, Yusheng; Gomez, Enrique D.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Lipke, Mark C.; Galli, Giulia; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Asbury, John B.; Toney, Michael F.; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1002/aenm.202103957

Twisted A-D-A Type Acceptors with Thermally-Activated Delayed Crystallization Behavior for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

Journal Article · Sun Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103957· OSTI ID:1869438

^[1]; Schneider, Sebastian ^[1]; Yuan, Yue ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; Mansoor, Iram F. ^[5]; ^[6]; Lei, Yusheng ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[6]; ^[5]; ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[7]; ^[1]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

We report that molecular aggregation and crystallization during film coating play a crucial role in the realization of high-performing organic photovoltaics. Strong intermolecular interactions and high solid-state crystallinity are beneficial for charge transport. However, fast crystallization during thin-film drying often limits the formation of the finely phase-separated morphology required for efficient charge generation. Herein, the authors show that twisted acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type compounds, containing an indacenodithiophene (IDT) electron-rich core and two naphthalenediimide (NDI) electron-poor units, leads to formation of mostly amorphous phases in the as-cast film, which can be readily converted into more crystalline domains by means of thermal annealing. This design strategy solves the aforementioned conundrum, leading to an optimal morphology in terms of reduced donor/acceptor domain-separation sizes (ca. 13 nm) and increased packing order. Solar cells based on these acceptors with a PBDB-T polymer donor show a power conversion efficiency over 10% and stable morphology, which results from the combined properties of desirable excited-state dynamics, high charge mobility, and optimal aggregation/crystallization characteristics. These results demonstrate that the twisted A-D-A motif featuring thermally-induced crystallization behavior is indeed a promising alternative design approach toward more morphologically robust materials for efficient organic photovoltaics.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; FG02-99ER14999; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1869438

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1855860

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 12; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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