Solid-State Welding of the Nanostructured Ferritic Alloy 14YWT Using a Capacitive Discharge Resistance Welding Technique

Lear, Calvin Robert; Gigax, Jonathan Gregory; Schneider, Matthew M.; Steckley, Todd Edward; Lienert, Thomas J.; Maloy, Stuart Andrew; Eftink, Benjamin Paul

doi:10.3390/met12010023

Solid-State Welding of the Nanostructured Ferritic Alloy 14YWT Using a Capacitive Discharge Resistance Welding Technique

Journal Article · Wed Dec 22 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Metals

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010023· OSTI ID:1853935

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Steckley, Todd Edward ^[1]; Lienert, Thomas J. ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
TechSource, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Joining nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs) has proved challenging, as the nano-oxides that provide superior strength, creep resistance, and radiation tolerance at high temperatures tend to agglomerate, redistribute, and coarsen during conventional fusion welding. In this study, capacitive discharge resistance welding (CDRW)—a solid-state variant of resistance welding—was used to join end caps and thin-walled cladding tubes of the NFA 14YWT. The resulting solid-state joints were found to be hermetically sealed and were characterized across the weld region using electron microscopy (macroscopic, microscopic, and nanometer scales) and nanoindentation. Microstructural evolution near the weld line was limited to narrow (~50–200 μm) thermo-mechanically affected zones (TMAZs) and to a reduction in pre-existing component textures. Dispersoid populations (i.e., nano-oxides and larger oxide particles) appeared unchanged by all but the highest energy and power CDRW condition, with this extreme producing only minor nano-oxide coarsening (~2 nm → ~5 nm Ø). Despite a minimal microstructural change, the TMAZs were found to be ~10% softer than the surrounding base material. These findings are considered in terms of past solid-state welding (SSW) efforts—cladding applications and NFA-like materials in particular—and in terms of strengthening mechanisms in NFAs and the potential impacts of localized temperature–strain conditions during SSW.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1853935

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-22-20457

Journal Information:: Metals, Journal Name: Metals Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 2075-4701

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (62)

Laser welding of oxide dispersion-strengthened alloy MA754 Molian, P. A.; Yang, Y. M.; Patnaik, P. C. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540691	journal	January 1992
Microstructural features of friction welded MA 956 superalloy material Kang, C. Y.; North, T. H.; Perovic, D. D. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02595651	journal	December 1996
Preparation and properties of some ODS Fe-Cr-Al alloys Wilson, F. G.; Knott, B. R.; Desforges, C. D. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646711	journal	February 1978
Joining ODS materials for high-temperature applications McKimpson, M. G.; O’Donnell, D. JOM, Vol. 46, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03220748	journal	July 1994
Investigation of the Y2O3 distribution in the weld joints of dispersion-hardened steel cladding of fast-reactor fuel elements Tabakin, E. M.; Kuz’min, S. V.; Ivanovich, Yu. V. Atomic Energy, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-007-0068-1	journal	June 2007
Joining of Nanostructured Ferritic 14YWT Alloys by Spark Plasma Technique Radhakrishnan, M.; Torresani, E.; Olevsky, E. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05776-3	journal	April 2021
Irradiation-tolerant nanostructured ferritic alloys: Transforming helium from a liability to an asset Odette, G. R.; Hoelzer, D. T. JOM, Vol. 62, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-010-0144-1	journal	September 2010
Recent Progress in Developing and Qualifying Nanostructured Ferritic Alloys for Advanced Fission and Fusion Applications Odette, G. R. JOM, Vol. 66, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1207-5	journal	November 2014
Laser and Pressure Resistance Weld of Thin-Wall Cladding for LWR Accident-Tolerant Fuels Gan, J.; Jerred, N.; Perez, E. JOM, Vol. 70, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2697-8	journal	December 2017
Shear Punch Testing of Neutron-Irradiated HT-9 and 14YWT Eftink, Benjamin P.; Quintana, Matthew E.; Romero, Tobias J. JOM, Vol. 72, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04011-z	journal	January 2020
Texture development during the torsion testing of α-iron and two IF steels Baczynski, J.; Jonas, J. J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 44, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-6454(96)00114-0	journal	November 1996
The Effects of Helium in Irradiated Structural Alloys Dai, Y.; Odette, G. R.; Yamamoto, T. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-056033-5.00006-9	book	January 2012
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels Ukai, S. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-056033-5.00069-0	book	January 2012
Perspective of ODS alloys application in nuclear environments Ukai, Shigeharu; Fujiwara, Masayuki Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 307-311, p. 749-757 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01043-7	journal	December 2002
Mechanically alloyed, ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened alloys: structure and properties Czyrska-Filemonowicz, A.; Dubiel, B. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 64, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02553-8	journal	February 1997
Creep response and deformation processes in nanocluster-strengthened ferritic steels Hayashi, T.; Sarosi, P. M.; Schneibel, J. H. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.11.038	journal	April 2008
Materials challenges in nuclear energy Zinkle, S. J.; Was, G. S. Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.004	journal	February 2013
The crystal structure, orientation relationships and interfaces of the nanoscale oxides in nanostructured ferritic alloys Wu, Yuan; Ciston, Jim; Kräemer, Stephan Acta Materialia, Vol. 111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.031	journal	June 2016
Temperature dependent dispersoid stability in ion-irradiated ferritic-martensitic dual-phase oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy: Coherent interfaces vs. incoherent interfaces Chen, Tianyi; Gigax, Jonathan G.; Price, Lloyd Acta Materialia, Vol. 116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.042	journal	September 2016
Effect of tube processing methods on microstructure, mechanical properties and irradiation response of 14YWT nanostructured ferritic alloys Aydogan, E.; Maloy, S. A.; Anderoglu, O. Acta Materialia, Vol. 134 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.053	journal	August 2017
Characterization of polyhedral nano-oxides and helium bubbles in an annealed nanostructured ferritic alloy Stan, Tiberiu; Wu, Yuan; Ciston, Jim Acta Materialia, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.045	journal	January 2020
Stability of ferritic MA/ODS alloys at high temperatures Miller, M. K.; Hoelzer, D. T.; Kenik, E. A. Intermetallics, Vol. 13, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.036	journal	March 2005
Microstructural evolution in friction stir welding of nanostructured ODS alloys Chen, C. -L.; Tatlock, G. J.; Jones, A. R. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 504 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.192	journal	August 2010
Pressurized resistance welding technology development in 9Cr-ODS martensitic steels Seki, M.; Hirako, K.; Kono, S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 329-333 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.172	journal	August 2004
Stability of nanometer-sized oxide clusters in mechanically-alloyed steel under ion-induced displacement cascade damage conditions Pareige, P.; Miller, M. K.; Stoller, R. E. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 360, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.09.011	journal	February 2007
Influence of particle dispersions on the high-temperature strength of ferritic alloys Hoelzer, D. T.; Bentley, J.; Sokolov, M. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 367-370, p. 166-172 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.151	journal	August 2007
The microstructure and strength properties of MA957 nanostructured ferritic alloy joints produced by friction stir and electro-spark deposition welding Miao, P.; Odette, G. R.; Gould, J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 367-370, p. 1197-1202 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.232	journal	August 2007
Thermal stability of nano-structured ferritic alloy Miao, P.; Odette, G. R.; Yamamoto, T. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 377, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.02.042	journal	June 2008
Helium effects on microstructural evolution in tempered martensitic steels: In situ helium implanter studies in HFIR Yamamoto, T.; Odette, G. R.; Miao, P. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 386-388 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.134	journal	April 2009
Some microstructural characterisations in a friction stir welded oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steel alloy Legendre, F.; Poissonnet, S.; Bonnaillie, P. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 386-388, p. 537-539 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.170	journal	April 2009
Helium transport, fate and management in nanostructured ferritic alloys: In situ helium implanter studies Odette, G. R.; Miao, P.; Edwards, D. J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 417, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.064	journal	October 2011
Assessment of a new fabrication route for Fe–9Cr–1W ODS cladding tubes Toualbi, L.; Cayron, C.; Olier, P. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 428, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.12.013	journal	September 2012
Study of the thermal stability of nanoparticle distributions in an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic alloys Zhong, S. Y.; Ribis, J.; Klosek, V. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 428, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.12.028	journal	September 2012
Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded oxide dispersion strengthened alloy Wang, Jiye; Yuan, Wei; Mishra, Rajiv S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 432, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.08.001	journal	January 2013
Radiation stability of nanoclusters in nano-structured oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels Certain, A.; Kuchibhatla, S.; Shutthanandan, V. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 434, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.11.021	journal	March 2013
Joining of 14YWT and F82H by friction stir welding Hoelzer, D. T.; Unocic, K. A.; Sokolov, M. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 442, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.04.027	journal	November 2013
Nano-cluster stability following neutron irradiation in MA957 oxide dispersion strengthened material Ribis, J.; Lozano-Perez, S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 444, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.10.010	journal	January 2014
Stability of nanoclusters in 14YWT oxide dispersion strengthened steel under heavy ion-irradiation by atom probe tomography He, Jianchao; Wan, Farong; Sridharan, Kumar Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 455, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.03.024	journal	December 2014
Response of 9Cr-ODS steel to proton irradiation at 400°C He, Jianchao; Wan, Farong; Sridharan, Kumar Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 452, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.05.004	journal	September 2014
Ion-induced swelling of ODS ferritic alloy MA957 tubing to 500 dpa Toloczko, M. B.; Garner, F. A.; Voyevodin, V. N. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 453, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.06.011	journal	October 2014
Microstructural changes and void swelling of a 12Cr ODS ferritic-martensitic alloy after high-dpa self-ion irradiation Chen, Tianyi; Aydogan, Eda; Gigax, Jonathan G. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 467 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.09.016	journal	December 2015
Effect of friction stir welding and post-weld heat treatment on a nanostructured ferritic alloy Mazumder, B.; Yu, X.; Edmondson, P. D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 469 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.11.061	journal	February 2016
Influence of processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 14YWT Hoelzer, D. T.; Unocic, K. A.; Sokolov, M. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 471 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.011	journal	April 2016
Stability of nanosized oxides in ferrite under extremely high dose self ion irradiations Aydogan, E.; Almirall, N.; Odette, G. R. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 486 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.01.015	journal	April 2017
Pressure resistance welding of MA-957 to HT-9 for advanced reactor applications Jerred, N. D.; Charit, I.; Zirker, L. R. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 508 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.046	journal	September 2018
Dual ion irradiation of commercial and advanced alloys: Evaluating microstructural resistance for high dose core internals Lear, C. R.; Song, M.; Wang, M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 516 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.01.014	journal	April 2019
Ferritic and martensitic ODS steel resistance upset welding of fuel claddings: Weldability assessment and metallurgical effects Doyen, Olivier; Gloannec, Brendan Le; Deschamps, Alexis Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 518 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.03.013	journal	May 2019
Modern nanostructured ferritic alloys: A compelling and viable choice for sodium fast reactor fuel cladding applications Hoelzer, D. T.; Massey, C. P.; Zinkle, S. J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 529 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151928	journal	February 2020
Microstructural and micro-mechanical analysis of 14YWT nanostructured Ferritic alloy after varying thermo-mechanical processing paths into tubing Harvey, Cayla; El Atwani, Osman; Kim, Hyosim Materials Characterization, Vol. 171 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110744	journal	January 2021
Effect of friction pressure on the properties of friction welded MA956 iron-based superalloy Ates, Hakan; Turker, Mehmet; Kurt, Adem Materials & Design, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2005.09.015	journal	January 2007
On the status and prospects for nanostructured ferritic alloys for nuclear fission and fusion application with emphasis on the underlying science Odette, G. Robert Scripta Materialia, Vol. 143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.06.021	journal	January 2018
Structural materials for fission & fusion energy Zinkle, Steven J.; Busby, Jeremy T. Materials Today, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(09)70294-9	journal	November 2009
TEM Characterization of Tensile-Tested 14YWT Nanostructured Ferritic Alloys Bentley, J.; Hoelzer, Dt Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 14, Issue S2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608088296	journal	August 2008
Mechanical Alloying Benjamin, J. S. Scientific American, Vol. 234, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0576-40	journal	May 1976
Recent Developments in Irradiation-Resistant Steels Odette, G. R.; Alinger, M. J.; Wirth, B. D. Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 38, Issue 1, p. 471-503 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.38.060407.130315	journal	August 2008
Mechanical Alloying Gilman, P. S.; Benjamin, J. S. Annual Review of Materials Science, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.13.080183.001431	journal	August 1983
Stability of Y–Ti–O precipitates in friction stir welded nanostructured ferritic alloys Yu, X.; Mazumder, B.; Miller, M. K. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1179/1362171815Y.0000000002	journal	January 2015
Effects of friction stir welding and post-weld annealing on nanostructured ferritic alloy Etienne, A.; Cunningham, N. J.; Wu, Y. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284710Y.0000000038	journal	April 2011
Developments in The Production of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Superalloys Hack, G. A. J. Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1179/pom.1984.27.2.73	journal	January 1984
ODS Steel Clad MOX Fuel-Pin Fabrication and Irradiation Performance in EBR-II Bottcher, James; Ukai, Shigeharu; Inoue, Masaki Nuclear Technology, Vol. 138, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/NT02-A3291	journal	June 2002
Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology Oliver, W. C.; Pharr, G. M. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3	journal	January 2004
Resistance Upset Welding of ODS Steel Fuel Claddings—Evaluation of a Process Parameter Range Based on Metallurgical Observations Corpace, Fabien; Monnier, Arnaud; Grall, Jacques Metals, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090333	journal	August 2017

Similar Records

Joining of 14YWT and F82H by Friction Stir Welding

Conference · Mon Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2012 · OSTI ID:1104787

Characterization of 14YWT & ODS Base Metals

Technical Report · Fri Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · OSTI ID:1507315

Effect of friction stir welding and post-weld heat treatment on a nanostructured ferritic alloy

Journal Article · Mon Dec 07 23:00:00 EST 2015 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:1286916

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
capacitive discharge resistance welding
cladding
nanostructured ferritic alloys
oxide dispersion strengthened
pressure resistance welding
solid state welding
transmission electron microscopy

Solid-State Welding of the Nanostructured Ferritic Alloy 14YWT Using a Capacitive Discharge Resistance Welding Technique

Citation Formats

References (62)

Similar Records

Related Subjects