CRISPR/Cas9-Induced fad2 and rod1 Mutations Stacked With fae1 Confer High Oleic Acid Seed Oil in Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.)

Jarvis, Brice A.; Romsdahl, Trevor B.; McGinn, Michaela G.; Nazarenus, Tara J.; Cahoon, Edgar B.; Chapman, Kent D.; Sedbrook, John C.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.652319

CRISPR/Cas9-Induced fad2 and rod1 Mutations Stacked With fae1 Confer High Oleic Acid Seed Oil in Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.)

Journal Article · Thu Apr 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.652319· OSTI ID:1853580

Jarvis, Brice A. ^[1]; Romsdahl, Trevor B. ^[2]; McGinn, Michaela G. ^[3]; Nazarenus, Tara J. ^[4]; Cahoon, Edgar B. ^[4]; Chapman, Kent D. ^[2]; Sedbrook, John C. ^[3]

Illinois State University (ISU), Normal, IL (United States). School of Biological Sciences; Illinois State Univ., Normal, IL (United States)
Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences. BioDiscovery Inst.
Illinois State University (ISU), Normal, IL (United States). School of Biological Sciences
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Center for Plant Science Innovation. Dept. of Biochemistry

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is being domesticated as an oilseed cash cover crop to be grown in the off-season throughout temperate regions of the world. With its diploid genome and ease of directed mutagenesis using molecular approaches, pennycress seed oil composition can be rapidly tailored for a plethora of food, feed, oleochemical and fuel uses. Here, we utilized Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to produce knockout mutations in the FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2) and REDUCED OLEATE DESATURATION1 (ROD1) genes to increase oleic acid content. High oleic acid (18:1) oil is valued for its oxidative stability that is superior to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3), and better cold flow properties than the very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) erucic (22:1). When combined with a FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (fae1) knockout mutation, fad2 fae1 and rod1 fae1 double mutants produced ~90% and ~60% oleic acid in seed oil, respectively, with PUFAs in fad2 fae1 as well as fad2 single mutants reduced to less than 5%. MALDI-MS spatial imaging analyses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species in wild-type pennycress embryo sections from mature seeds revealed that erucic acid is highly enriched in cotyledons which serve as storage organs, suggestive of a role in providing energy for the germinating seedling. In contrast, PUFA-containing TAGs are enriched in the embryonic axis, which may be utilized for cellular membrane expansion during seed germination and seedling emergence. Under standard growth chamber conditions, rod1 fae1 plants grew like wild type whereas fad2 single and fad2 fae1 double mutant plants exhibited delayed growth and overall reduced heights and seed yields, suggesting that reducing PUFAs below a threshold in pennycress had negative physiological effects. Taken together, our results suggest that combinatorial knockout of ROD1 and FAE1 may be a viable route to commercially increase oleic acid content in pennycress seed oil whereas mutations in FAD2 will likely require at least partial function to avoid fitness trade-offs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States); Illinois State University (ISU), Normal, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020325; SC0021286

OSTI ID:: 1853580

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 12; ISSN 1664-462X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Characterization of the FAD2 Gene Family in Soybean Reveals the Limitations of Gel-Based TILLING in Genes with High Copy Number Lakhssassi, Naoufal; Zhou, Zhou; Liu, Shiming Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00324	journal	March 2017
The FAD2 Gene in Plants: Occurrence, Regulation, and Role Dar, Aejaz A.; Choudhury, Abhikshit R.; Kancharla, Pavan K. Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01789	journal	October 2017
Heterogeneous Distribution of Erucic Acid in Brassica napus Seeds Lu, Shaoping; Aziz, Mina; Sturtevant, Drew Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01744	journal	January 2020
The Effect of Climate Change on Linolenic Fatty Acid in Oilseed Rape Wójtowicz, Marek; Wójtowicz, Andrzej Agronomy, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10122003	journal	December 2020
Cellular plasticity in response to suppression of storage proteins in the Brassica napus embryo Rolletschek, Hardy; Schwender, Jörg; König, Christina Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15dz0	dataset	January 2020
Direct stacking of sequence-specific nuclease-induced mutations to produce high oleic and low linolenic soybean oil Demorest, Zachary; Coffman, Andrew; Baltes, Nicholas figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3639839.v1	collection	January 2016

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