The influence of tillage and fertilizer on the flux and source of nitrous oxide with reference to atmospheric variation using laser spectroscopy

Ostrom, Peggy H.; DeCamp, Samuel; Gandhi, Hasand; Haslun, Joshua; Ostrom, Nathaniel E.

doi:10.1007/s10533-020-00742-y

Title: The influence of tillage and fertilizer on the flux and source of nitrous oxide with reference to atmospheric variation using laser spectroscopy

Journal Article · Mon Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Biogeochemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00742-y· OSTI ID:1852629

; DeCamp, Samuel; Gandhi, Hasand; Haslun, Joshua; Ostrom, Nathaniel E.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is the third most important long-lived greenhouse gas and agriculture is the largest source of N₂O emissions. Curbing N₂O emissions requires understanding influences on the flux and sources of N₂O. We measured flux and evaluated microbial sources of N₂O using site preference (S_P; the intramolecular distribution of¹⁵N in N₂O) in flux chambers from a grassland tilling and agricultural fertilization experiments and atmosphere. We identified values greater than that of the average atmosphere to reflect nitrification and/or fungal denitrification and those lower than atmosphere as increased denitrification. Our spectroscopic approach was based on an extensive calibration with 18 standards that yieldedS_Paccuracy and reproducibility of 0.7 ‰ and 1.0 ‰, respectively, without preconcentration. Chamber samples from the tilling experiment taken ~ monthly over a year showed a wide range in N₂O flux (0–1.9 g N₂O-N ha^-1d^-1) andS_P(- 1.8 to 25.1 ‰). Flux andS_Pwere not influenced by tilling but responded to sampling date. Large fluxes occurred in October and May in no-till when soils were warm and moist and during a spring thaw, an event likely representing release of N₂O accumulated under snow cover. These high fluxes could not be ascribed to a single microbial process asS_Pdiffered among chambers. However, the year-longS_Pand flux data for no-till showed a slight direct relationship suggesting that nitrification increased with flux. The comparative data in till showed an inverse relationship indicating that high flux events are driven by denitrification. Corn (Zea mays) showed high fluxes andS_Pvalues indicative of nitrification ~ 4 wk after fertilization with subsequent declines inS_Pindicating denitrification. Although there was no effect of fertilizer treatment on flux orS_Pin switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), high fluxes occurred ~1 month after fertilization. In both treatments,S_Pwas indicative of denitrification in many instances, but evidence of nitrification/fungal denitrification also prevailed. At 2 m atmospheric N₂OS_Phad a range of 31.1 ‰ and 14.6 ‰ in the grassland tilling and agricultural fertilization experiments, respectively. These data suggest the influence of soil microbial processes on atmospheric N₂O and argue against the use of the global average atmosphericS_Pin isotopic modeling approaches.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1852629

Journal Information:: Biogeochemistry, Vol. 152, Issue 2-3; ISSN 0168-2563

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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