Layout and performance of HPK prototype LGAD sensors for the High-Granularity Timing Detector

Journal Article · Mon Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164379· OSTI ID:1849517

Yang, X. ^[1]; Alderweireldt, S. ^[2]; Atanov, N. ^[3]; Ayoub, M. K. ^[4]; da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes ^[4]; García, L. Castillo ^[5]; Chen, H. ^[1]; Christie, S. ^[6]; Cindro, V. ^[7]; Cui, H. ^[8]; D’Amen, G.; Davydov, Y.; Fan, Y. Y.; Galloway, Z.; Ge, J. J.; Gee, C.; Giacomini, G.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Grieco, C.; Grinstein, S. ; Grosse-Knetter, J.; Guindon, S.; Han, S.; Howard, A.; Huang, Y. P.; Jin, Y.; Jing, M. Q.; Kiuchi, R.; Kramberger, G.; Kuwertz, E.; Labitan, C.; Lange, J.; Leite, M.; Li, C. H.; Li, Q. Y.; Liu, B.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, Y. W.; Liang, H.; Liang, Z. J.; Lockerby, M.; Lyu, F.; Mandić, I.; Martinez-Mckinney, F.; Mazza, S. M.; Mikuž, M.; Padilla, R.; Qi, B. H.; Quadt, A.; Ran, K. L.; Ren, H.; Rizzi, C.; Rossi, E.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Saito, G. T.; Schumm, B.; Schwickardi, M.; Seiden, A.; Shan, L. Y.; Shi, L. S.; Shi, X.; Ferreira, A. Soares Canas; Sun, Y. J.; Tan, Y. H.; Tricoli, A.; Wan, G. Y.; Wilder, M.; Wu, K. W.; Wyatt, W.; Xiao, S. Y.; Yang, T.; Yang, Y. Z.; Yu, C. J.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, M.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zheng, X. X.; Zhuang, X. A.

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1. Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China). State Key Lab. of Particle Detection and Electronics. Dept. of Modern Physics
2. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
3. Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna (Russian Federation)
4. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of High Energy Physics
5. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona (Spain). Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)
6. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States). Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP)
7. Jozef Stefan Inst. (IJS), Ljubljana (Slovenia)
8. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of High Energy Physics; Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)

The High-Granularity Timing Detector is a detector proposed for the ATLAS Phase II upgrade. The detector, based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology, will cover the pseudo-rapidity region of 2.4 < |n| < 4.0 with two end caps on each side and a total area of 6.4 m². The timing performance can be improved by implanting an internal gain layer that can produce signals with a fast rising edge. It significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio. The required average timing resolution per track for a minimum ionizing particle is 30 ps at the start and 50 ps at the end of the HL-LHC operation. This is achieved with several layers of LGAD. The innermost region of the detector would accumulate a 1MeV neutron-equivalent fluence up to 2.5 10¹⁵ n_eq/cm² including a safety factor of 1.5 before being replaced during the scheduled shutdowns. The addition of this new detector is expected to play an important role in the mitigation of high pile-ups at the HL-LHC. The layout and performance of the various versions of LGAD prototypes produced by Hamamatsu (HPK) have been studied by the ATLAS Collaboration. The breakdown voltages, depletion voltages, inter-pad gaps, collected charge as well as the time resolution have been measured and the production yield of large size sensors has been evaluated.

• Research Organization: Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: FG02-04ER41286; SC0012704
• OSTI ID: 1849517
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 1646944
• Journal Information: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 980, Issue C; ISSN 0168-9002
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Instruments &amp; Instrumentation
Nuclear Science &amp; Technology
Physics
Low-Gain Avalanche Detector
HGTD
Timing Detector