Three-Dimensional Imaging Lidar for Characterizing Particle Fields and Organisms in the Mesopelagic Zone

McKenzie, Trevor; Twardowski, Michael; Briggs, Nathan; Nayak, Aditya R.; Boswell, Kevin M.; Dalgleish, Fraser

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.558745

Three-Dimensional Imaging Lidar for Characterizing Particle Fields and Organisms in the Mesopelagic Zone

Journal Article · Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Frontiers in Marine Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.558745· OSTI ID:1848452

McKenzie, Trevor ^[1]; Twardowski, Michael ^[2]; Briggs, Nathan ^[3]; Nayak, Aditya R. ^[2]; Boswell, Kevin M. ^[4]; Dalgleish, Fraser ^[2]

Florida Atlantic Univ., Fort Pierce, FL (United States). Harbor Branch Oceanographic Inst.; Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, FL (United States). Dept. of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering; Florida Atlantic Univ., Fort Pierce, FL (United States)
Florida Atlantic Univ., Fort Pierce, FL (United States). Harbor Branch Oceanographic Inst.; Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, FL (United States). Dept. of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (United Kingdom)
Florida International Univ. (FIU), Miami, FL (United States). Coastlines and Oceans Division of the Inst. of Environment

The ocean’s mesopelagic zone is largely uncharacterized despite its vital role in sustaining ocean ecosystems. The composition, cycling, and fate of particle fields in the mesopelagic lacks an integrative multi-scale understanding of organism migration patterns, distribution, and diversity. This problem is addressed by combining complementary technologies with overlapping size spectra, including profiler mounted optical scattering sensors, profiler, and ship mounted acoustic devices, and a custom Unobtrusive Multi-Static Lidar Imager (UMSLI). This unique sensor suite can observe distributions of particles including organisms over a six order of magnitude dynamic size range, from microns to meters. Overlapping size ranges between different methods allows for cross-validation. This work focuses on the lidar imaging measurements and optical backscattering and attenuation, covering a combined particle size range of 0.1 mm to several cm. Particles at the small end of this range are sized using an existing backscattering time series inversion method after Briggs et al. (2013). Larger particles are resolved with UMSLI over an expanding volume using three-dimensional photo-realistic laser serial imaging. UMSLI’s image rectifying ability over time allows for derivation of particle concentration, size, and spatial distribution. Technical details on the development and post-processing methods for the novel UMSLI system are provided. Image resolved particle size distributions (PSDs) revealed a size shift from smaller to larger particles (>0.5 mm) as indicated by flatter slopes from dawn (slope = 2.6) to dusk (slope = 3.0). PSD trends are supported by an optical backscatter and transmissometer time series inversion analysis. Size shifts in the particle field are largely attributed to aggregation effects. Images support evidence of temporal variation between dusk and dawn stations through statistical analysis of particle concentrations for particle sizes 0.50–5.41 mm. Spatial analysis of the particle field revealed a dominantly uniform distributed marine snow background. The importance and potential of integrated approaches to studying particle and organism dynamics in ocean environments are discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0006787

OSTI ID:: 1848452

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 7; ISSN 2296-7745

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Three-Dimensional Imaging Lidar for Characterizing Particle Fields and Organisms in the Mesopelagic Zone

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