The Effect of Cell Geometry and Trigger Method on the Risks Associated with Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Walker, William Q.; Cooper, Kylie; Hughes, Peter; Doemling, Ian; Akhnoukh, Mina; Taylor, Sydney; Darst, Jacob; Billman, Julia; Sharp, Matthew; Petrushenko, David; Owen, Rhodri; Pham, Martin; Heenan, Thomas; Rack, Alexander; Magdsyuk, Oxana; Connolley, Thomas; Brett, Dan; Shearing, Paul; Finegan, Donal; Darcy, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230645

Title: The Effect of Cell Geometry and Trigger Method on the Risks Associated with Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Journal Article · Thu Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230645· OSTI ID:1846938

Walker, William Q.; Cooper, Kylie; Hughes, Peter; Doemling, Ian; Akhnoukh, Mina; Taylor, Sydney; Darst, Jacob; Billman, Julia; Sharp, Matthew; Petrushenko, David; Owen, Rhodri; Pham, Martin; Heenan, Thomas; Rack, Alexander; Magdsyuk, Oxana; Connolley, Thomas; Brett, Dan; Shearing, Paul;

; Darcy, Eric

Consideration of thermal runaway heat output variability is paramount for the development of safe lithium-ion battery assemblies. This study utilizes data gathered from fractional thermal runaway calorimetry (FTRC) experiments to conduct a comparative analysis of thermal runaway heat output for three cell formats (18650, 21700, and 33600) as a function of trigger method (heaters, internal short-circuiting device, and nail penetration). The analysis is based on comparisons for the calculated total energy yield, fractional energy yield, heat rate, and heat flux. This study reveals that nail penetration tends to result in higher thermal runaway heat output for larger cells (21700 & 33600); these experiments also tended to result in higher fractions of the total energy being released through the cell body. The smaller cells (18650) did not appear to have significant variation in heat output as a function of trigger method. This finding suggests that, for this cell type, worst-case scenario heat output could be achievable in assembly level testing regardless of the utilized trigger method. This study also demonstrates successful translation of FTRC results, as recorded in the Battery Failure Databank, into meaningful analysis that breaks down the influence of specific conditions on thermal runaway heat output.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1846938

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5700-81145; MainId:79921; UUID:ce342d98-a8b4-49cd-b46d-8c3c621bd922; MainAdminID:63928

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 524

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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