Evaluation of thermal processing and properties of 422 martensitic stainless steel for replacement of 4140 steel in diesel engine pistons

Pierce, Dean T.; Muralidharan, Govindarajan; Trofimov, Artem; Torres, James; Wang, Hsin; Haynes, James A.; Sebeck, Katie; Gingrich, Eric; Byrd, Gerald; Tess, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110373

Evaluation of thermal processing and properties of 422 martensitic stainless steel for replacement of 4140 steel in diesel engine pistons

Journal Article · Wed Dec 29 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Materials & Design

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110373· OSTI ID:1844890

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Sebeck, Katie ^[2]; Gingrich, Eric ^[2]; Byrd, Gerald ^[2]; Tess, Michael ^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
US Army CCDC Ground Vehicle Systems Center, Warren, MI (United States)

The thermal and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 422 were evaluated for suitability as a drop-in replacement for 4140 steel in next generation heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) pistons. The time and temperature of the austenitization and tempering steps were studied to achieve optimum materials performance in piston applications, including the balance of thermal and mechanical properties and resistance to long-term thermal aging. Reducing the tempering temperature from 700 to 600 °C caused a substantial increase in elevated temperature strength from 25 to 600 °C, but had no significant influence on thermal conductivity, suggesting that thermal conductivity in 422 is dominated largely by composition and distribution of alloying elements and mostly independent of the sub-grain structure size and precipitate size. Compared to the current HDDE piston alloy 4140, 422 exhibits substantially higher elevated temperature strength and lower thermal conductivity, the latter which will cause 422 to operate at higher temperatures in pistons, possibly requiring a piston redesign to take advantage of the improved high temperature strength of 422. Piston material selection and alloy design strategies with potential to mitigate some of the shortcomings of martensitic stainless steels, such as 422, as drop-in replacements are discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1844890

Journal Information:: Materials & Design, Journal Name: Materials & Design Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 214; ISSN 0264-1275

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (23)

Evaluation of the elastic modulus of steels Bohnenkamp, Ulrich; Sandström, Rolf Steel Research, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.200005696	journal	March 2000
Influence of Alloying Elements, Heat Treatment, and Temperature on the Thermal Conductivity of Heat Treatable Steels Wilzer, Jens; Küpferle, Jakob; Weber, Sebastian steel research international, Vol. 86, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201400294	journal	December 2014
The influence of the M23 (C,N)6 compound on the mechanical properties of type 422 stainless steel Landon, P. R.; Caligiuri, R. D.; Duletsky, P. S. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664823	journal	July 1983
Effect of composition on thermal expansion of alloys used in power generation Hull, F. C.; Hwang, S. K.; Wells, J. M. Journal of Materials Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833790	journal	March 1987
The influence of heat treatment and resulting microstructures on the thermophysical properties of martensitic steels Wilzer, Jens; Lüdtke, Fabian; Weber, Sebastian Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 48, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7665-2	journal	August 2013
Effect of water vapor on high-temperature oxidation of FeCr alloys Quadakkers, W. J.; Żurek, J.; Hänsel, M. JOM, Vol. 61, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-009-0102-y	journal	July 2009
On the elastic properties and mechanical damping of Ti3SiC2, Ti3GeC2, Ti3Si0.5Al0.5C2 and Ti2AlC in the 300–1573K temperature range Radovic, M.; Barsoum, M.; Ganguly, A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.019	journal	June 2006
Steam oxidation resistance of new 12%Cr steels: Comparison with some other ferritic steels Lepingle, V.; Louis, G.; Allué, D. Corrosion Science, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2007.11.033	journal	April 2008
Molybdenum effect on oxidation resistance and electric conduction of ferritic stainless steel for SOFC interconnect Yun, Dae Won; Seo, Hyung Suk; Jun, Jae Ho International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.013	journal	July 2012
Mechanical properties of conventional structural steel and fire-resistant steel at elevated temperatures Kumar, Waibhaw; Sharma, Umesh Kumar; Shome, Mahadev Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 181 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106615	journal	June 2021
The effect of single and double quenching and tempering heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 4140 steel Khani Sanij, M. H.; Ghasemi Banadkouki, S. S.; Mashreghi, A. R. Materials & Design, Vol. 42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.017	journal	December 2012
High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends Pierce, Dean; Haynes, Allen; Hughes, Jeff Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004	journal	June 2019
Thermal Diffusivity of Stainless Steel from 20° to 1000° C. Jenkins, R. J.; Westover, R. W. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/je60014a038	journal	July 1962
Effects of alloying elements and temperature on thermal conductivity of ferrite Wang, Guanghua; Li, Yanxiang Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115441	journal	September 2019
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy Leisure, R. G.; Willis, F. A. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 9, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/9/28/002	journal	July 1997
A new method for determining the Curie temperature using a dilatometer Verma, A.; Sundararaman, M.; Singh, J. B. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/10/105106	journal	September 2010
High Temperature Rupture, Fatigue, and Damping Properties of AISI Designation 616 (Type 422 Stainless) Steel Matters, R. G.; Blatherwick, A. A. Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol. 87, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3650548	journal	June 1965
Effect of chromium content on creep rupture properties of a high chromium ferritic heat resisting steel. Liu, Xing Yang; Fujita, Toshio ISIJ International, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.29.680	journal	January 1989
Advances in Physical Metallurgy and Processing of Steels. Strengthening Mechanisms of Creep Resistant Tempered Martensitic Steel. Maruyama, Kouichi; Sawada, Kota; Koike, Jun-ichi ISIJ International, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.41.641	journal	January 2001
Effects of Alloying Additions on Thermal Conductivity of Ferritic Iron. Terada, Yoshihiro; Ohkubo, Kenji; Mohri, Tetsuo ISIJ International, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.322	journal	January 2002
Isothermal Oxidation Behaviour of a Hot-Work Tool Steel Bruckel, P.; Lamesle, P.; Lours, Philippe Materials Science Forum, Vol. 461-464 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.461-464.831	journal	August 2004
Evaluation of Microalloyed Steel for Articulated Piston Applications in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Chen, Yong-Ching; Worden, John A. SAE 2000 World Congress, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1232	conference	March 2000
Effects of Sulfur Level and Anisotropy of Sulfide Inclusions on Tensile, Impact, and Fatigue Properties of SAE 4140 Steel Cyril, Nisha; Fatemi, Ali; Cryderman, Bob SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0434	journal	April 2008

Similar Records

Rotary Inertia Friction Welding of Dissimilar High-Strength 422 Martensitic Stainless Steel and 4140 Low Alloy Steel for Heavy-Duty Engine Piston Fabrication

Journal Article · Tue Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2024 · Welding Journal · OSTI ID:2498449

Evaluation of High-Temperature Martensitic Steels for Heavy-Duty Diesel Piston Applications

Journal Article · Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · SAE Technical Paper Series · OSTI ID:1866691

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of rotary inertia friction welded dissimilar 422 martensitic stainless steel to 4140 low alloy steel joints

Journal Article · Wed Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing · OSTI ID:1997765

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
internal combustion engines
martensitic stainless steel
phase equilibria
pistons
resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
thermal conductivity

Evaluation of thermal processing and properties of 422 martensitic stainless steel for replacement of 4140 steel in diesel engine pistons

Citation Formats

References (23)

Similar Records

Related Subjects