The Influence of Pressure on Flame-Flow Characteristics of a Reacting Jet in Crossflow

Otero, Michelle; Genova, Tommy; Stiehl, Bernhard; Morales, Anthony J.; Martin, Scott; Ahmed, Kareem A.

doi:10.1115/1.4051741

The Influence of Pressure on Flame-Flow Characteristics of a Reacting Jet in Crossflow

Journal Article · Fri Jul 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Energy Resources Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051741· OSTI ID:1844553

Otero, Michelle ^[1]; Genova, Tommy ^[2]; Stiehl, Bernhard ^[2]; Morales, Anthony J. ^[2]; Martin, Scott ^[3]; Ahmed, Kareem A. ^[2]

Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL (United States); Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL (United States)
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach, FL (United States)

This work experimentally investigates the effects of elevated combustor pressures on the characteristics of a lean premixed reacting methane/air jet injected into a lean vitiated crossflow using a 12.7 mm axial jet. Experiments were conducted in an axially staged combustor, which implements a reacting jet in crossflow (RJIC) configuration and operates over a pressure range of 1–5 atmospheres. Simultaneous CH* chemiluminescence and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are used to study the flow field and flame behavior. The results show that the reacting jet trajectory exhibits greater penetration with elevated pressure, which is a novel finding compared to available data in the literature. However, the flame liftoff point and ignition delay time both decreased with elevated pressure, which was attributed to decreased vorticity along the flame boundary which corresponds to increased Damköhler numbers (Da). Emissions measurements confirm the NOx increase with pressure as reported in the literature for single-stage gas turbine combustors. Concurrently, emission measurements for the staged configuration show the strong NOx benefit of the RJIC system: the data prove a reduction of global outlet emission levels at elevated pressure with the axially staged configuration. Here, the axial emission reduction was attributed to the decreasing liftoff at elevated pressure levels. Hence, the research emphasizes that the flame and emission characteristics are coupled; they are not only dependent on the geometric parameters and momentum flux ratios but are also a function of pressure.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach, FL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0031227

OSTI ID:: 1844553

Journal Information:: Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Journal Name: Journal of Energy Resources Technology Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 144; ISSN 0195-0738

Publisher:: ASMECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (44)

Effect of Pressure on Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas Jet Flames in Crossflow Saini, Pankaj; Chterev, Ianko; Pareja, Jhon Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, Vol. 105, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-020-00148-8	journal	May 2020
Entrainment, momentum flux and temperature in vertical free turbulent diffusion flames Becker, H. A.; Yamazaki, S. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 33 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(78)90055-X	journal	January 1978
NOx formation in combustion Thompson, D.; Brown, T. D.; Beér, J. M. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(72)80087-7	journal	August 1972
A study of pollutant emission characteristics of partially premixed turbulent jet flames Lyle, K.; Tseng, L.; Gore, J. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 116, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00068-6	journal	March 1999
Turbulent jet flames in a crossflow: effects of some jet, crossflow, and pilot-flame parameters on emissions Bandaru, Ramarao V.; Turns, Stephen R. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 121, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00166-2	journal	April 2000
Lean low NOx combustion concept evaluation Rizk, N. K.; Mongia, H. C. Symposium (International) on Combustion, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80365-6	journal	January 1991
Effect of pressure and fuel–air unmixedness on NOx emissions from industrial gas turbine burners Biagioli, Fernando; Güthe, Felix Combustion and Flame, Vol. 151, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.04.007	journal	October 2007
Time-averaged characteristics of a reacting fuel jet in vitiated cross-flow Sullivan, Ryan; Wilde, Benjamin; Noble, David R. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 161, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.12.022	journal	July 2014
Flowfield measurements and flame stabilization of a premixed reacting jet in vitiated crossflow Wagner, Jason A.; Grib, Stephen W.; Renfro, Michael W. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 162, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.010	journal	October 2015
The effects of nozzle geometry and equivalence ratio on a premixed reacting jet in vitiated cross-flow Pinchak, Matthew D.; Shaw, Vincent G.; Gutmark, Ephraim J. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 191 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.12.018	journal	May 2018
NOX reduction in an axially staged gas turbine model combustor through increase in the combustor exit Mach number Rodrigues, Neil S.; Busari, Oluwatobi; Senior, William C. B. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 212 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.039	journal	February 2020
Direct numerical simulation study of hydrogen/air auto-ignition in turbulent mixing layer at elevated pressures Yao, Tong; Yang, Wen Hao; Luo, Kai Hong Computers & Fluids, Vol. 173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.075	journal	September 2018
Experimental study of NOx correlation for fuel staged combustion using lab-scale gas turbine combustor at high pressure Han, Dong-Sik; Kim, Gyu-Bo; Kim, Han-Suk Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 58 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.05.016	journal	October 2014
Laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times of methane–air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures Hu, Erjiang; Li, Xiaotian; Meng, Xin Fuel, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.010	journal	October 2015
Transverse jets and their control Karagozian, Ann R. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2010.01.001	journal	October 2010
Structure and stabilization of hydrogen jet flames in cross-flows Steinberg, A. M.; Sadanandan, R.; Dem, C. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.026	journal	January 2013
Flame stabilization analysis of a premixed reacting jet in vitiated crossflow Wagner, Jason A.; Grib, Stephen W.; Dayton, James W. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.020	journal	January 2017
Counter rotating vortex pair structure in a reacting jet in crossflow Nair, Vedanth; Sirignano, Matthew; Emerson, Benjamin Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.059	journal	January 2019
Ignition of a sequential combustor: Evidence of flame propagation in the autoignitable mixture Ebi, D.; Doll, U.; Schulz, O. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.068	journal	January 2019
Transverse jets and jet flames. Part 1. Scaling laws for strong transverse jets Hasselbrink, Ernest F.; Mungal, M. G. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 443 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112001005146	journal	September 2001
A turbulent jet in crossflow analysed with proper orthogonal decomposition Meyer, Knud Erik; Pedersen, Jakob M.; ÖZcan, Oktay Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 583 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112007006143	journal	July 2007
Measurements of entrainment by axisymmetrical turbulent jets Ricou, F. P.; Spalding, D. B. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112061000834	journal	August 1961
Mixing, structure and scaling of the jet in crossflow Smith, S. H.; Mungal, M. G. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 357 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112097007891	journal	February 1998
Transverse jets and jet flames. Part 2. Velocity and OH field imaging Hasselbrink, E. F.; Mungal, M. G. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 443 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001005158	journal	September 2001
Profiles of the Round Turbulent Jet in A Cross Flow Pratte, Bruce D.; Baines, W. Douglas Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 93, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0001735	journal	November 1967
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Premixed Reacting Jets in a Vitiated Crossflow Sirignano, M. D.; Nair, V.; Emerson, B. L. Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 192, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2020.1748016	journal	May 2020
A Review of NO _x Formation Under Gas-Turbine Combustion Conditions Correa, Sanjay M. Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 87, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209208947221	journal	January 1993
Guided Image Filtering He, Kaiming; Sun, Jian; Tang, Xiaoou IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 35, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2012.213	journal	June 2013
A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms Otsu, Nobuyuki IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076	journal	January 1979
NO x Formation in High-Pressure Jet-Stirred Reactors With Significance to Lean-Premixed Combustion Turbines Rutar, T.; Malte, P. C. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 124, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1492829	journal	September 2002
NOx-Abatement Potential of Lean-Premixed GT Combustors Sattelmayer, T.; Polifke, W.; Winkler, D. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2818087	journal	January 1998
Characterization of NOx, N20, and CO for Lean-Premixed Combustion in a High-Pressure Jet-Stirred Reactor Steele, R. C.; Tonouchi, J. H.; Nicol, D. G. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2818121	journal	April 1998
Development of an Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Dry Low Emissions Combustion System Leonard, G.; Stegmaier, J. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 116, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2906853	journal	July 1994
A Simple Gas Turbine Combustor NOx Correlation Including the Effect of Vitiated Air Sullivan, D. A. Journal of Engineering for Power, Vol. 99, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3446260	journal	April 1977
Analysis of NOX Formation in an Axially Staged Combustion System at Elevated Pressure Conditions Prathap, Chockalingam; Galeazzo, Flavio C. C.; Kasabov, Plamen Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 134, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4004720	journal	January 2012
Emission Measurements and CH* Chemiluminescence of a Staged Combustion Rig for Stationary Gas Turbine Applications Lamont, Warren G.; Roa, Mario; Meyer, Scott E. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 134, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4006604	journal	June 2012
A Model for Predicting the Lift-Off Height of Premixed Jets in Vitiated Cross Flow Kolb, Michael; Ahrens, Denise; Hirsch, Christoph Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 138, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4032421	journal	March 2016
The Effect of Pressure on NOx Entitlement and Reaction Timescales in a Premixed Axial Jet-In-Crossflow Stiehl, Bernhard; Otero, Michelle; Genova, Tommy Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Vol. 143, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4049609	journal	February 2021
NOx Sensitivities for Gas Turbine Engines Operated on Lean-Premixed Combustion and Conventional Diffusion Flames Nicol, David; Malte, Philip C.; Lai, Jenkin ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations https://doi.org/10.1115/92-GT-115	conference	March 2015
The Interaction of Jets with Crossflow Mahesh, Krishnan Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 45, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-120710-101115	journal	January 2013
Staged combustion concept for gas turbines Winkler, Dieter; Geng, Weiqun; Engelbrecht, Geoffrey Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society, Vol. 1 https://doi.org/10.22261/CVLCX0	journal	September 2017
Clinical Research at a Crossroads: The NIH Roadmap Zerhouni, Elias A. Journal of Investigative Medicine, Vol. 54, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2310/6650.2006.X0016	journal	January 2006
An analysis of the time-averaged properties of the far field of the transverse jet Hasselbrink, E.; Mungal, M. 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-201	conference	August 1996
PIVlab – Towards User-friendly, Affordable and Accurate Digital Particle Image Velocimetry in MATLAB Thielicke, William; Stamhuis, Eize J. Journal of Open Research Software, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.bl	journal	October 2014

Similar Records

Characteristics of a Reacting Jet-in-Crossflow at Elevated Pressures

Conference · Wed Aug 21 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · OSTI ID:1559031

The Effect of Pressure on NO_x Entitlement and Reaction Timescales in a Premixed Axial Jet-In-Crossflow

Journal Article · Thu Feb 18 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · OSTI ID:1844556

Partial Premixing Effects on the Reacting Jet of a High-Pressure Axially Staged Combustor

Journal Article · Sun Feb 07 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power · OSTI ID:1844597

Related Subjects

03 NATURAL GAS
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
42 ENGINEERING
air emissions from fossil fuel combustion
axial stage combustion
flame liftoff
flame stabilization
fuel combustion
gas turbine combustion
high efficiency
reacting jet in crossflow
vorticity

The Influence of Pressure on Flame-Flow Characteristics of a Reacting Jet in Crossflow

Citation Formats

References (44)

Similar Records

Related Subjects