skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Asymmetries in adaptive optics point spread functions

Journal Article · · Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [1];  [9];  [10];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [10] more »;  [15];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [10];  [19];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [22];  [23];  [5];  [1];  [24];  [4];  [25];  [3];  [9];  [26];  [27];  [3];  [8];  [3];  [1];  [18];  [10];  [25];  [28] « less
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
  3. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  4. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  5. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  6. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  7. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Hilo, HI (United States)
  8. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
  9. Univ. of Montreal, QC (Canada)
  10. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  11. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  12. Amherst College, MA (United States)
  13. Univ. of Victoria, BC (Canada)
  14. Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI (United States)
  15. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  16. European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago (Chile)
  17. US National Park Service (NPS), Fort Collins, CO (United States). Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division
  18. Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  19. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  20. SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  21. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  22. National Research Council of Canada Herzberg, Victoria, BC (Canada)
  23. Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada)
  24. American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, NY (United States)
  25. Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
  26. Gemini Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
  27. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
  28. Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)
+ Show Author Affiliations

An explanation for the origin of asymmetry along the preferential axis of the point spread function (PSF) of an AO system is developed. When phase errors from high-altitude turbulence scintillate due to Fresnel propagation, wavefront amplitude errors may be spatially offset from residual phase errors. These correlated errors appear as asymmetry in the image plane under the Fraunhofer condition. In an analytic model with an open-loop AO system, the strength of the asymmetry is calculated for a single mode of phase aberration, which generalizes to two dimensions under a Fourier decomposition of the complex illumination. Other parameters included are the spatial offset of the AO correction, which is the wind velocity in the frozen flow regime multiplied by the effective AO time delay and propagation distance or altitude of the turbulent layer. In this model, the asymmetry is strongest when the wind is slow and nearest to the coronagraphic mask when the turbulent layer is far away, such as when the telescope is pointing low toward the horizon. A great emphasis is made about the fact that the brighter asymmetric lobe of the PSF points in the opposite direction as the wind, which is consistent analytically with the clarification that the image plane electric field distribution is actually the inverse Fourier transform of the aperture plane. Validation of this understanding is made with observations taken from the Gemini Planet Imager, as well as being reproducible in end-to-end AO simulations.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344; AST-1411868; NNX14AJ80G; NNX15AC89G; NNX15AD95G
OSTI ID:
1844073
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-831471; 1048339; TRN: US2302327
Journal Information:
Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, Vol. 5, Issue 04; ISSN 2329-4124
Publisher:
SPIECopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (26)

Effect of multiple deformable mirrors in broadband high-contrast coronagraphs conference July 2018
Extreme adaptive optics for the Thirty Meter Telescope conference July 2006
Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager’s adaptive optics system journal January 2016
Air, telescope, and instrument temperature effects on the Gemini Planet Imager’s image quality conference July 2018
Effects of diffraction and static wavefront errors on high-contrast imaging from the thirty meter telescope conference July 2006
Characterizing 51 Eri b from 1 to 5 μ m: A Partly Cloudy Exoplanet journal June 2017
Dynamical Constraints on the HR 8799 Planets with GPI journal October 2018
Status and performance of the Gemini Planet Imager adaptive optics system conference July 2016
The measurement of power spectra from the point of view of communications engineering — Part I journal January 1958
Application of a Damped Locally Optimized Combination of Images Method to the Spectral Characterization of Faint Companions Using an Integral Field Spectrograph journal February 2012
Characterization of lemniscate atmospheric aberrations in Gemini Planet Imager data conference July 2018
Two-deformable-mirror concept for correcting scintillation effects in laser beam projection through the turbulent atmosphere journal January 1998
Exoplanet detection with simultaneous spectral differential imaging: effects of out-of-pupil-plane optical aberrations conference June 2006
Phase and amplitude beam shaping with two deformable mirrors implementing input plane and Fourier plane phase modifications journal January 2018
The Electric Field Conjugation - A unified formalism for wavefront correction algorithms
  • Give’on, Amir
  • Adaptive Optics: Methods, Analysis and Applications, Frontiers in Optics 2009/Laser Science XXV/Fall 2009 OSA Optics & Photonics Technical Digest https://doi.org/10.1364/AOPT.2009.AOWA3
conference January 2009
Ground-based adaptive optics coronagraphic performance under closed-loop predictive control journal January 2018
Hybrid lyot coronagraph for WFIRST: high contrast testbed demonstration in flight-like low flux environment
  • Seo, Byoung-Joon; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Cady, Eric J.
  • Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314358
conference August 2018
Origin of the asymmetry of the wind driven halo observed in high-contrast images journal December 2018
Speckle Decorrelation and Dynamic Range in Speckle Noise–limited Imaging journal December 2002
Fast Coherent Differential Imaging on Ground-based Telescopes Using the Self-coherent Camera journal August 2018
The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au journal June 2019
Improving and Assessing Planet Sensitivity of the GPI Exoplanet Survey with a Forward Model Matched Filter journal June 2017
Simulation of stellar speckle imaging
  • Johansson, Erik M.; Gavel, Donald T.
  • 1994 Symposium on Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation for the 21st Century, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177254
conference June 1994
Fast focal plane wavefront sensing on ground-based telescopes conference July 2018
Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium journal December 1961
Analysis of wavefront propagation using the Talbot effect journal January 2010

Similar Records

First Resolved Scattered-light Images of Four Debris Disks in Scorpius-Centaurus with the Gemini Planet Imager
Journal Article · Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 EST 2020 · The Astronomical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1844073
+57 more
Debris Disk Results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign
Journal Article · Mon Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · The Astronomical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1844073
+62 more
Discovery of a substellar companion to the nearby debris disk host HR 2562
Journal Article · Wed Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online) · OSTI ID:1844073
+54 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Point spread functions
Adaptive optics
Scintillation
Atmospheric propagation
Telescopes
Fourier transforms
Wave propagation