Hybrid-energy approach enabled by heat storage and oxy-combustion to generate electricity with near-zero or negative CO2 emissions

Buscheck, Thomas A.; Upadhye, Ravindra S.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114496

Hybrid-energy approach enabled by heat storage and oxy-combustion to generate electricity with near-zero or negative CO₂ emissions

Journal Article · Fri Jul 16 04:00:00 EDT 2021 · Energy Conversion and Management

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114496· OSTI ID:1844071

Buscheck, Thomas A. ^[1]; Upadhye, Ravindra S. ^[2]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Upadhye ARU Associates, Pleasanton, CA (United States)

We assess a hybrid-energy approach that modifies a steam-turbine power plant to use renewable energy sources (electricity, plus options for geothermal and solar heat), plus fossil fuel (natural gas and coal) and/or waste biomass (e.g., Douglas fir woodchips). Heat storage allows heat to be created during periods of excess energy supply and for that heat to be converted to electricity when demanded. Excess electricity, such as from variable renewable energy (VRE), is used to generate oxygen for oxy-combustion furnaces that create very-hot, high-purity CO₂ that heats granular rock beds in insulated vessels. Cool CO₂ leaving the beds is dried, sent to compressors powered by excess VRE electricity, before being sent by pipeline to geologic CO₂ storage. Very-hot CO₂ transfers high-grade heat from storage to the power plant in a closed loop that returns medium-grade heat back to storage, allowing low- and medium-grade renewable-heat sources to be stacked beneath combustion heat, with all heat sources being converted to electricity at the same (high) thermal efficiency. Reliable, on-demand power may be generated with near-zero CO₂ emissions with fossil fuel and with negative CO₂ emissions with waste biomass. Our analyses show that with fossil fuel, up to 35% of gross power can be derived from renewable sources, while for waste biomass, it can be entirely derived from renewable sources. Because our approach has the potential to ensure that grids have a continuous supply of clean energy and because electricity is only generated once, when demanded, it could serve as an efficient alternative to bulk energy storage.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1844071

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-819117; 1029405

Journal Information:: Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Name: Energy Conversion and Management Vol. 244; ISSN 0196-8904

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Hybrid-energy approach enabled by heat storage and oxy-combustion to generate electricity with near-zero or negative CO2 emissions

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Hybrid-energy approach enabled by heat storage and oxy-combustion to generate electricity with near-zero or negative CO₂ emissions