Mapping the magnetic field in the Taurus/B211 filamentary cloud with SOFIA HAWC&nbsp;+&nbsp;and comparing with simulation

Li, Pak Shing; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Ajeddig, Hamza; André, Philippe; McKee, Christopher F.; Rho, Jeonghee; Klein, Richard I.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3448

Mapping the magnetic field in the Taurus/B211 filamentary cloud with SOFIA HAWC + and comparing with simulation

Journal Article · Sat Nov 27 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3448· OSTI ID:1843089

; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Ajeddig, Hamza; André, Philippe; ; Rho, Jeonghee; Klein, Richard I.

ABSTRACT

Optical and infrared polarization mapping and recent Planck observations of the filametary cloud L1495 in Taurus show that the large-scale magnetic field is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the cloud. We use the HAWC + polarimeter on SOFIA to probe the complex magnetic field in the B211 part of the cloud. Our results reveal a dispersion of polarization angles of 36°, about five times that measured on a larger scale by Planck. Applying the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method with velocity information obtained from Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m C18O(1-0) observations, we find two distinct sub-regions with magnetic field strengths differing by more than a factor 3. The quieter sub-region is magnetically critical and sub-Alfv$$\acute{\rm e}$$nic; the field is comparable to the average field measured in molecular clumps based on Zeeman observations. The more chaotic, super-Alfv$$\acute{\rm e}$$nic sub-region shows at least three velocity components, indicating interaction among multiple substructures. Its field is much less than the average Zeeman field in molecular clumps, suggesting that the DCF value of the field there may be an underestimate. Numerical simulation of filamentary cloud formation shows that filamentary substructures can strongly perturb the magnetic field. DCF and true field values in the simulation are compared. Pre-stellar cores are observed in B211 and are seen in our simulation. The appendices give a derivation of the standard DCF method that allows for a dispersion in polarization angles that is not small, present an alternate derivation of the structure function version of the DCF method, and treat fragmentation of filaments.

View Journal Article

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Deutsches SOFIA Institut (DSI); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1843089

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1888100

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-824116

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 510; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (71)

One-dimensional magnetogasdynamics in oblique fields Shercliff, J. A. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112060001262	journal	December 1960
The magnetic field across the molecular warped disk of Centaurus A Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique Nature Astronomy, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01329-9	journal	April 2021
Helical fields and filamentary molecular clouds -- I Fiege, J. D.; Pudritz, R. E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 311, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03066.x	journal	January 2000
From filamentary clouds to prestellar cores to the stellar IMF: Initial highlights from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey André, Ph.; Men'shchikov, A.; Bontemps, S. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 518 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014666	journal	July 2010
Collapse, outflows and fragmentation of massive, turbulent and magnetized prestellar barotropic cores Hennebelle, P.; Commerçon, B.; Joos, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 528 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201016052	journal	March 2011
Characterizing interstellar filaments with Herschel in IC 5146 Arzoumanian, D.; André, Ph.; Didelon, P. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 529 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116596	journal	April 2011
Physical properties of interstellar filaments Fischera, J.; Martin, P. G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 542 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201218961	journal	June 2012
Cores, filaments, and bundles: hierarchical core formation in the L1495/B213 Taurus region Hacar, A.; Tafalla, M.; Kauffmann, J. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 554 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220090	journal	June 2013
Herschel view of the Taurus B211/3 filament and striations: evidence of filamentary growth? Palmeirim, P.; André, Ph.; Kirk, J. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 550 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220500	journal	January 2013
Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission Abergel, A.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 571 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201323195	journal	October 2014
Chains of dense cores in the Taurus L1495/B213 complex Tafalla, M.; Hacar, A. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 574 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424576	journal	February 2015
A census of dense cores in the Aquila cloud complex: SPIRE/PACS observations from the Herschel Gould Belt survey Könyves, V.; André, Ph.; Men’shchikov, A. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 584 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525861	journal	November 2015
Planck intermediate results : XXXV. Probing the role of the magnetic field in the formation of structure in molecular clouds Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Alves, M. I. R. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 586 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525896	journal	February 2016
Filamentary structure and magnetic field orientation in Musca Cox, N. L. J.; Arzoumanian, D.; André, Ph. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 590 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527068	journal	May 2016
The relation between the column density structures and the magnetic field orientation in the Vela C molecular complex Soler, J. D.; Ade, P. A. R.; Angilè, F. E. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 603 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730608	journal	July 2017
Characterizing the properties of nearby molecular filaments observed with Herschel Arzoumanian, D.; André, Ph.; Könyves, V. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 621 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832725	journal	January 2019
ALMA reveals the magnetic field evolution in the high-mass star forming complex G9.62+0.19 Dall’Olio, D.; Vlemmings, W. H. T.; Persson, M. V. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 626 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834100	journal	June 2019
Probing accretion of ambient cloud material into the Taurus B211/B213 filament Shimajiri, Y.; André, Ph.; Palmeirim, P. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 623 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834399	journal	February 2019
The role of molecular filaments in the origin of the prestellar core mass function and stellar initial mass function André, Ph.; Arzoumanian, D.; Könyves, V. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 629 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935915	journal	August 2019
High-accuracy estimation of magnetic field strength in the interstellar medium from dust polarization Skalidis, Raphael; Tassis, Konstantinos Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 647 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039779	journal	March 2021
Why take the square root? An assessment of interstellar magnetic field strength estimation methods Skalidis, R.; Sternberg, J.; Beattie, J. R. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 656 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142045	journal	December 2021
Magnetic Fields in Spiral Arms. Chandrasekhar, S.; Fermi, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 118 https://doi.org/10.1086/145731	journal	July 1953
The Equilibrium of Polytropic and Isothermal Cylinders. Ostriker, J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 140 https://doi.org/10.1086/148005	journal	October 1964
Interstellar polarization from a medium with changing grain alignment. Martin, P. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 187 https://doi.org/10.1086/152655	journal	February 1974
The linear polarization of quasi-stellar radio sources at 3.71 and 11.1 centimeters Wardle, J. F. C.; Kronberg, P. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 194 https://doi.org/10.1086/153240	journal	December 1974
A study of the Taurus dark cloud complex Elias, J. H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 224 https://doi.org/10.1086/156436	journal	September 1978
Equilibria and evolutions of magnetized, rotating, isothermal clouds. II - The extreme case: Nonrotating clouds Tomisaka, Kohji; Ikeuchi, Satoru; Nakamura, Takashi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 335 https://doi.org/10.1086/166923	journal	December 1988
Photoionization-regulated star formation and the structure of molecular clouds McKee, Christopher F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 345 https://doi.org/10.1086/167950	journal	October 1989
Magnetic field-line tangling and polarization measurements in clumpy molecular gas Zweibel, Ellen G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 362 https://doi.org/10.1086/169291	journal	October 1990
On the dispersion in direction of interstellar polarization Myers, P. C.; Goodman, A. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 373 https://doi.org/10.1086/170070	journal	May 1991
Equiparatition of energy for turbulent astrophysical fluids: Accounting for the unseen energy in molecular clouds Zweibel, Ellen G.; McKee, Christopher F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 439 https://doi.org/10.1086/175216	journal	February 1995
9286 Stars: an Agglomeration of Stellar Polarization Catalogs Heiles, Carl The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 119, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/301236	journal	February 2000
A Production Mechanism for Clusters of Dense Cores Inutsuka, Shu‐ichiro; Miyama, Shoken M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 480, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/303982	journal	May 1997
Weakly Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Solar Wind and the Interstellar Medium Bhattacharjee, A.; Ng, C. S.; Spangler, S. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 494, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/305184	journal	February 1998
The Jeans Condition: A New Constraint on Spatial Resolution in Simulations of Isothermal Self-gravitational Hydrodynamics Truelove, J. Kelly; Klein, Richard I.; McKee, Christopher F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 489, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/310975	journal	November 1997
Density, Velocity, and Magnetic Field Structure in Turbulent Molecular Cloud Models Ostriker, Eve C.; Stone, James M.; Gammie, Charles F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 546, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/318290	journal	January 2001
Theoretical Models of Polarized Dust Emission from Protostellar Cores Padoan, Paolo; Goodman, Alyssa; Draine, B. T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 559, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/322504	journal	October 2001
Magnetic Field Diagnostics Based on Far‐Infrared Polarimetry: Tests Using Numerical Simulations Heitsch, Fabian; Zweibel, Ellen G.; Mac Low, Mordecai‐Mark The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 561, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/323489	journal	November 2001
Studies of Regular and Random Magnetic Fields in the ISM: Statistics of Polarization Vectors and the Chandrasekhar‐Fermi Technique Falceta‐Gonçalves, Diego; Lazarian, Alex; Kowal, Grzegorz The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 679, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/587479	journal	May 2008
Magnetically Aligned Velocity Anisotropy in the Taurus Molecular Cloud Heyer, Mark; Gong, Hao; Ostriker, Eve The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 680, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/587510	journal	June 2008
Dispersion of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds. i Hildebrand, Roger H.; Kirby, Larry; Dotson, Jessie L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 696, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/696/1/567	journal	April 2009
Dispersion of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds. ii. Houde, Martin; Vaillancourt, John E.; Hildebrand, Roger H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 706, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/706/2/1504	journal	November 2009
Magnetic Fields in Interstellar Clouds from Zeeman Observations: Inference of Total Field Strengths by Bayesian Analysis Crutcher, Richard M.; Wandelt, Benjamin; Heiles, Carl The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 725, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/466	journal	November 2010
Magnetic Field Structure Around Low-Mass Class 0 Protostars: B335, L1527, and Ic348-Smm2 Davidson, J. A.; Novak, G.; Matthews, T. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 732, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/732/2/97	journal	April 2011
The Magnetic Field in Taurus Probed by Infrared Polarization Chapman, Nicholas L.; Goldsmith, Paul F.; Pineda, Jorge L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 741, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/21	journal	October 2011
A Stable, Accurate Methodology for high mach Number, Strong Magnetic Field mhd Turbulence with Adaptive mesh Refinement: Resolution and Refinement Studies Li, Pak Shing; Martin, Daniel F.; Klein, Richard I. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 745, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/139	journal	January 2012
Is the Taurus b213 Region a true Filament?: Observations of Multiple Cyanoacetylene Transitions Li, Di; Goldsmith, Paul F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 756, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/12	journal	August 2012
The Fragmentation of Magnetized, Massive Star-Forming Cores with Radiative Feedback Myers, Andrew T.; McKee, Christopher F.; Cunningham, Andrew J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 766, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/97	journal	March 2013
An Imprint of Molecular Cloud Magnetization in the Morphology of the dust Polarized Emission Soler, J. D.; Hennebelle, P.; Martin, P. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 774, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/128	journal	August 2013
Magnetohydrostatic Equilibrium Structure and mass of Filamentary Isothermal Cloud Threaded by Lateral Magnetic Field Tomisaka, Kohji The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 785, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/24	journal	March 2014
From parallel to perpendicular – On the orientation of magnetic fields in molecular clouds Seifried, D.; Walch, S.; Weis, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 497, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2231	journal	August 2020
Gravitational instability of non-isothermal filamentary molecular clouds in presence of external pressure Motiei, Mohammad Mahdi; Hosseinirad, Mohammad; Abbassi, Shahram Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 502, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab437	journal	February 2021
Magnetized interstellar molecular clouds – I. Comparison between simulations and Zeeman observations Li, Pak Shing; McKee, Christopher F.; Klein, Richard I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 452, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1437	journal	July 2015
A census of dense cores in the Taurus L1495 cloud from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey Marsh, K. A.; Kirk, J. M.; André, Ph. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw301	journal	February 2016
Magnetized interstellar molecular clouds – II. The large-scale structure and dynamics of filamentary molecular clouds Li, Pak Shing; Klein, Richard I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz653	journal	March 2019
Near-infrared imaging polarimetry toward M 17 SWex Sugitani, Koji; Nakamura, Fumitaka; Shimoikura, Tomomi Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue Supplement_1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz072	journal	July 2019
The Strength of Interstellar Magnetic Fields Davis, Leverett Physical Review, Vol. 81, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.81.890.2	journal	March 1951
CRUSH: fast and scalable data reduction for imaging arrays Kovács, Attila SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790276	conference	August 2008
HAWC+, the Far-Infrared Camera and Polarimeter for SOFIA Harper, Doyal A.; Runyan, Marcus C.; Dowell, C. Darren Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, Vol. 07, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171718400081	journal	December 2018
Gravitational Instability of the Isothermal Gas Cylinder with an Axial magnetic Field Nagasawa, M. Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.77.635	journal	March 1987
Theory of Star Formation McKee, Christopher F.; Ostriker, Eve C. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 45, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110602	journal	September 2007
Cold Dark Clouds: The Initial Conditions for Star Formation Bergin, Edwin A.; Tafalla, Mario Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 45, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.45.071206.100404	journal	September 2007
Dispersion of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds. iv. Analysis of Interferometry data Houde, Martin; Hull, Charles L. H.; Plambeck, Richard L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 820, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/38	journal	March 2016
Change of Magnetic Field-Gas Alignment at the Gravity-Driven AlfvÉNic Transition in Molecular Clouds: Implications for dust Polarization Observations Chen, Che-Yu; King, Patrick K.; Li, Zhi-Yun The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 829, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/829/2/84	journal	September 2016
Morphology and Kinematics of Filaments in the Serpens and Perseus Molecular Clouds Dhabal, Arnab; Mundy, Lee G.; Rizzo, Maxime J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa76b	journal	February 2018
The Emission and Distribution of Dust of the Torus of NGC 1068 Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Fuller, Lindsay; Alonso-Herrero, Almudena The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabd7b	journal	May 2018
JCMT POL-2 and BISTRO Survey Observations of Magnetic Fields in the L1689 Molecular Cloud Pattle, Kate; Lai, Shih-Ping; Di Francesco, James The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 907, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abcc6c	journal	February 2021
Maps of Magnetic Field Strength in the OMC-1 Using HAWC+ FIR Polarimetric Data Guerra, Jordan A.; Chuss, David T.; Dowell, C. Darren The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd6f0	journal	February 2021
Magnetohydrostatic Equilibrium Structure and Mass of Polytropic Filamentary Cloud Threaded by Lateral Magnetic Field Kashiwagi, Raiga; Tomisaka, Kohji The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 911, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abea7a	journal	April 2021
Magnetic Properties of Star-forming Dense Cores Myers, Philip C.; Basu, Shantanu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 917, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf4c8	journal	August 2021
The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry Eswaraiah, Chakali; Li, Di; Furuya, Ray S. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 912, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abeb1c	journal	May 2021

Similar Records

Magnetized interstellar molecular clouds – II. The large-scale structure and dynamics of filamentary molecular clouds

Journal Article · Tue Mar 26 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1606597

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
clouds
evolution
kinematics and dynamics
magnetic fields
numerical
turbulence

Mapping the magnetic field in the Taurus/B211 filamentary cloud with SOFIA HAWC + and comparing with simulation

Citation Formats

References (71)

Similar Records

Related Subjects