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Critical role of solvent-modulated hydrogen-binding strength in the catalytic hydrogenation of benzaldehyde on palladium

Journal Article · · Nature Catalysis
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4]
  1. Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany)
  2. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  3. Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany); Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
  4. Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Protic and non-protic solvents influence the rate of benzaldehyde hydrogenation on Pd by one order of magnitude in the following sequence of increasing reactivity, dioxane < tetrahydrofuran < water < methanol. Despite these differences, the reaction pathway does not change; the majority of turnovers occurs via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism by stepwise addition of sorbed H to sorbed benzaldehyde, first to the carbonyl O and then to the C atom of the formyl group, forming benzyl alcohol. An analysis of the solvation energies shows that both ground and transition states are destabilized by the solvents compared to the same reaction at the gas-solid interface. The destabilization extent of the reacting organic substrates in both states are similar and, therefore, compensate each other, making the net kinetic effects inconsequential. In consequence, the marked reactivity differences arise solely from the differences in the surface stabilization of adsorbed hydrogen adatoms moderated by the four solvents-more weakly bound hydrogen adatoms, because of their solvation by solvent, exhibit higher rates of their hydrogenation reaction in kinetically relevant attack on the C atom.
Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Chinese Scholarship Council; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1842503
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--166986
Journal Information:
Nature Catalysis, Journal Name: Nature Catalysis Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 4; ISSN 2520-1158
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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