Single‐Crystal LiNi x Mn y Co 1− x − y O 2 Cathodes for Extreme Fast Charging

Lu, Yanying; Zhu, Tianyu; McShane, Eric; McCloskey, Bryan D.; Chen, Guoying

doi:10.1002/smll.202105833

Title: Single‐Crystal LiNi _x Mn _y Co ₁₋ _x ₋ _y O ₂ Cathodes for Extreme Fast Charging

Journal Article · Fri Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Small

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202105833· OSTI ID:1841442

Lu, Yanying ^[1]; Zhu, Tianyu ^[1]; McShane, Eric ^[2]; McCloskey, Bryan D. ^[2];

^[1]

Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Abstract Ni‐rich layered LiNi _x Mn _y Co ₁₋ _x ₋ _y O ₂ (NMCs, x ≥ 0.8) are poised to be the dominating cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries for the foreseeable future. Conventional polycrystalline NMCs, however, suffer from severe cracking along the grain boundaries of primary particles and capacity loss under high charge and/or discharge rates, hindering their implementation in fast‐charging electric vehicular (EV) batteries. Single‐crystal (SC) NMCs are attractive alternatives as they eliminate intergranular cracking and allow for grain‐level surface optimization for fast Li transport. In the present study, the authors report synthetic approaches to produce SC LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ (NMC811) samples with different morphologies: Oct‐SC811 with predominating (012)‐family surface and Poly‐SC811 with predominating (104)‐family surface. Poly‐SC811, representing the first experimentally synthesized NMC811 single crystals with (104) surface, delivers superior performance even at the ultra‐high rate of 6 C. Through detailed X‐ray analysis and electron microscopy characterization, it is shown that the enhanced performance originates from better chemical and structural stabilities, faster Li ⁺ diffusion kinetics, suppressed side reactions with electrolyte, and excellent cracking resistance. These insights provide important design guidelines in the future development of fast‐charging NMC‐type cathode materials.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1841442

Journal Information:: Small, Journal Name: Small Vol. 18 Journal Issue: 12; ISSN 1613-6810

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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