Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

Characterization of single-shot attosecond pulses with angular streaking photoelectron spectra

Journal Article · · Physical Review A
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [2];  [2];  [3]
  1. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States); , Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. Department of Energy
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  3. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
  4. Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Most of the traditional attosecond pulse retrieval algorithms are based on a so-called attosecond streak camera technique, in which the momentum of the electron is shifted by an amount depending on the relative time delay between the attosecond pulse and the streaking infrared pulse. Thus, temporal information of the attosecond pulse is encoded in the amount of momentum shift in the streaked photoelectron momentum spectrogram S(p,τ), where p is the momentum of the electron along the polarization direction and τ is the time delay. An iterative algorithm is then employed to reconstruct the attosecond pulse from the streaking spectrogram. This method, however, cannot be applied to attosecond pulses generated from free-electron x-ray lasers where each single shot is different and stochastic in time. However, using a circularly polarized infrared laser as the streaking field, a two (or three)-dimensional angular streaking electron spectrum can be used to retrieve attosecond pulses for each shot, as well as the time delay with respect to the circularly polarized IR field. Here we show that a retrieval algorithm previously developed for the traditional streaking spectrogram can be modified to efficiently characterize single-shot attosecond pulses. The methods have been applied to retrieve 188 single shots from recent experiments. We analyze the statistical behavior of these 188 pulses in terms of pulse duration, bandwidth, pulse peak energy, and time delay with respect to the IR field. Furthermore, the retrieval algorithm is efficient and can be easily used to characterize a large number of shots in future experiments for attosecond pulses at free-electron x-ray laser facilities.
Research Organization:
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; FG02-86ER13491
OSTI ID:
1841367
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1862042
Journal Information:
Physical Review A, Journal Name: Physical Review A Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 105; ISSN 2469-9926
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (41)

Attosecond metrology journal November 2001
Carrier-envelope phase-dependent high harmonic generation in the water window using few-cycle infrared pulses journal February 2014
Spatiotemporal isolation of attosecond soft X-ray pulses in the water window journal March 2015
Ultrafast X-ray pulse characterization at free-electron lasers journal November 2012
Measuring the temporal structure of few-femtosecond free-electron laser X-ray pulses directly in the time domain journal November 2014
Attosecond angular streaking journal May 2008
53-attosecond X-ray pulses reach the carbon K-edge journal August 2017
Attosecond time–energy structure of X-ray free-electron laser pulses journal March 2018
Tunable isolated attosecond X-ray pulses with gigawatt peak power from a free-electron laser journal December 2019
Attosecond pulse retrieval from noisy streaking traces with conditional variational generative network journal April 2020
Polarization gating of high harmonic generation in the water window journal June 2016
Generation of bright isolated attosecond soft X-ray pulses driven by multicycle midinfrared lasers journal May 2014
Single-pass high harmonic generation at high repetition rate and photon flux journal August 2016
Investigation of isolated attosecond pulse reconstruction from angular integrated photoelectron streaking spectra journal June 2020
Volkov transform generalized projection algorithm for attosecond pulse characterization journal July 2016
A new method for accurate retrieval of atomic dipole phase or photoionization group delay in attosecond photoelectron streaking experiments journal October 2017
Spectral splitting and phase matching of the macroscopic high-order harmonic generation in intense laser fields journal November 2019
Shaping attosecond pulses by controlling the minima in high-order harmonic generation through alignment of CO 2 molecules journal January 2020
Cooper minimum of high-order harmonic spectra from an MgO crystal in an ultrashort laser pulse journal March 2020
Retrieval of full angular- and energy-dependent complex transition dipoles in the molecular frame from laser-induced high-order harmonic signals with aligned molecules journal June 2020
Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields journal March 1994
Frequency-resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts journal January 2005
Nonlinear resonant Auger spectroscopy in CO using an x-ray pump-control scheme journal December 2016
Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses journal April 2017
Reconstruction of the complex angle-dependent photoionization transition dipole from a laser-dressed streaking experiment journal November 2018
Method for spectral phase retrieval of single attosecond pulses utilizing the autocorrelation of photoelectron streaking spectra journal March 2019
Double chirp-taper x-ray free-electron laser for attosecond pump-probe experiments journal May 2019
Metrology of Time-Domain Soft X-Ray Attosecond Pulses and Reevaluation of Pulse Durations of Three Recent Experiments journal March 2020
Attosecond Streaking in the Water Window: A New Regime of Attosecond Pulse Characterization journal November 2017
Attosecond physics journal February 2009
Bright Coherent Ultrahigh Harmonics in the keV X-ray Regime from Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Lasers journal June 2012
Characterizing ultrabroadband attosecond lasers journal January 2010
High flux coherent super-continuum soft X-ray source driven by a single-stage, 10mJ, Ti:sapphire amplifier-pumped OPA journal January 2014
Streaking of 43-attosecond soft-X-ray pulses generated by a passively CEP-stable mid-infrared driver journal January 2017
Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses with angular streaking journal January 2018
Attosecond streaking phase retrieval with neural network journal January 2019
All-optical reconstruction of k-dependent transition dipole moment by solid harmonic spectra from ultrashort laser pulses journal January 2019
Tailoring a 67 attosecond pulse through advantageous phase-mismatch journal January 2012
Effect of interband polarization on a solid's high-order-harmonic generation just belowthe band gap journal January 2020
Multi-mJ, kHz, 21  μm optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier and high-flux soft x-ray high-harmonic generation journal January 2014
High-flux table-top soft x-ray source driven by sub-2-cycle, CEP stable, 185-μm 1-kHz pulses for carbon K-edge spectroscopy journal January 2014

Similar Records

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Atomic & molecular processes in external fields
Ultrashort pulses