Evolution of fluid–rock interaction in the Reykjanes geothermal system, Iceland: Evidence from Iceland Deep Drilling Project core RN-17B

Fowler, Andrew P. G.; Zierenberg, Robert A.; Schiffman, Peter; Marks, Naomi; Friðleifsson, Guðmundur Ómar

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.009

Evolution of fluid–rock interaction in the Reykjanes geothermal system, Iceland: Evidence from Iceland Deep Drilling Project core RN-17B

Journal Article · Sat Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.009· OSTI ID:1840846

Fowler, Andrew P. G. ^[1]; Zierenberg, Robert A. ^[1]; Schiffman, Peter ^[1]; Marks, Naomi ^[2]; Friðleifsson, Guðmundur Ómar ^[3]

Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
HS Orka, Reykjanesbaer (Iceland)

We describe the lithology and present spatially resolved geochemical analyses of samples from the hydrothermally altered Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) drill core RN-17B. The 9.3 m long RN-17B core was collected from the seawater-dominated Reykjanes geothermal system, located on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. The nature of fluids and the location of the Reykjanes geothermal system make it a useful analog for seafloor hydrothermal processes, although there are important differences. Here, the recovery of drill core from the Reykjanes geothermal system, as opposed to drill cuttings, has provided the opportunity to investigate evolving geothermal conditions by utilizing in-situ geochemical techniques in the context of observed paragenetic and spatial relationships of alteration minerals.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1840846

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1879269

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--818931; LLNL-JRNL-693298; 1029798

Journal Information:: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Journal Name: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Vol. 302; ISSN 0377-0273

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (52)

Thermal stability of Al-Fe epidote as a function of $$f_{{\text{o}}_{\text{2}} } $$ and Fe content Holdaway, M. J. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371011	journal	January 1972
Sub-sea-floor metamorphism, heat and mass transfer; an additional comment Spooner, E. T. C. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 45, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371169	journal	June 1974
High temperature alteration minerals and thermal brines, Reykjanes, Iceland T�masson, Jens; Kristmannsd�ttir, Hrefna Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371183	journal	January 1972
Origin and history of hydrothermal fluids of the Reykjanes and Krafla geothermal fields, Iceland: A stable isotope study Sveinbjornsdottir, A. E.; Coleman, M. L.; Yardley, B. W. D. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371231	journal	September 1986
Sub-sea-floor metamorphism, heat and mass transfer Spooner, E. T. C.; Fyfe, W. S. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372607	journal	January 1973
Metabasalts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: new insights into hydrothermal systems in slow-spreading crust Gillis, Kathryn M.; Thompson, Geoffrey Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 113, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698319	journal	January 1993
Composition and origin of rhyolite melt intersected by drilling in the Krafla geothermal field, Iceland Zierenberg, R. A.; Schiffman, P.; Barfod, G. H. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0811-z	journal	September 2012
Geochemical studies on the thermal brine from Reykjanes (Iceland) Ólafsson, Jón; Riley, J. P. Chemical Geology, Vol. 21, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(78)90046-3	journal	February 1978
Effect of sea water interaction on strontium isotope composition of deep-sea basalts Julius Dasch, E.; Hedge, Carl E.; Dymond, Jack Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(73)90112-X	journal	June 1973
Petrogenetic relationships of acid and basic rocks in iceland: Sr-isotopes and rare-earth elements in late and postglacial volcanics O'Nions, R. K.; Grönvold, K. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(73)90182-9	journal	August 1973
Two-phase separation and fracturing in mid-ocean ridge gabbros at temperatures greater than 700°C Kelley, Deborah S.; Delaney, John R. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90050-1	journal	May 1987
Strontium, oxygen, and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered and weathered rocks in DSDP Hole 504B, Costa Rica Rift Kawahata, Hodaka; Kusakabe, Minoru; Kikuchi, Yoshiko Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90132-4	journal	October 1987
Pliocene and Pleistocene alkalic flood basalts on the seafloor north of the Hawaiian islands Clague, David A.; Holcomb, Robin T.; Sinton, John M. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(90)90058-6	journal	May 1990
Salinity of oceanic hydrothermal fluids: a fluid inclusion study Nehlig, Pierre Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90026-E	journal	March 1991
En echelon axial volcanic ridges at the Reykjanes Ridge: a life cycle of volcanism and tectonics Parson, L. M.; Murton, B. J.; Searle, R. C. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90118-S	journal	May 1993
Liquid-vapor relations in the critical region of the system NaCl-H2O from 380 to 415°C: A refined determination of the critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater Bischoff, James L.; Rosenbauer, Robert J. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90192-5	journal	August 1988
Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-Nacl solutions Bodnar, R. J. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90378-A	journal	February 1993
Morphological and sedimentological characteristics of the Neogene submarine coherent lavas and hyaloclastites in Southwest Hokkaido, Japan Yamagishi, Hiromitsu Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 74, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(91)90032-9	journal	November 1991
Geothermal systems in Iceland: Structure and conceptual models—I. High-temperature areas Arnórsson, Stefán Geothermics, Vol. 24, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(95)00025-9	journal	October 1995
Tracing the chemical evolution of fluids during hydrothermal recharge: Constraints from anhydrite recovered in ODP Hole 504B Teagle, Damon A. H.; Alt, Jeffrey C.; Halliday, Alex N. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 155, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00209-4	journal	February 1998
Volatile lines of descent in submarine plutonic environments: insights from stable isotope and fluid inclusion analyses Kelley, Deborah S.; Früh-Green, Gretchen L. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 65, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00667-6	journal	October 2001
Isotopic constraints on ice age fluids in active geothermal systems: Reykjanes, Iceland Pope, Emily C.; Bird, Dennis K.; Arnórsson, Stefán Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 73, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.033	journal	August 2009
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project: a search for deep unconventional geothermal resources Fridleifsson, Gudmundur O.; Elders, Wilfred A. Geothermics, Vol. 34, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2004.11.004	journal	June 2005
Potential methods for geothermal-based hydrogen production Balta, M. Tolga; Dincer, Ibrahim; Hepbasli, Arif International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.040	journal	May 2010
Hydrothermal alteration in the Reykjanes geothermal system: Insights from Iceland deep drilling program well RN-17 Marks, Naomi; Schiffman, Peter; Zierenberg, Robert A. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 189, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.018	journal	January 2010
Structural architecture of a highly oblique divergent plate boundary segment Clifton, Amy E.; Kattenhorn, Simon A. Tectonophysics, Vol. 419, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.03.016	journal	June 2006
Geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust: DSDP/ODP Hole 504B - Implications for seawater-crust exchange budgets and Sr- and Pb-isotopic evolution of the mantle: HYDROTHERMALLY ALTERED OCEANIC CRUST Bach, Wolfgang; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Hart, Stanley R. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000419	journal	March 2003
High-grade contact metamorphism in the Reykjanes geothermal system: Implications for fluid-rock interactions at mid-oceanic ridge spreading centers: REYKJANES CONTACT METAMORPHISM Marks, Naomi; Schiffman, Peter; Zierenberg, Robert A. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003569	journal	August 2011
Craters, calderas, and hyaloclastites on young Pacific seamounts Batiza, Rodey; Fornari, Daniel J.; Vanko, David A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 89, Issue B10 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08371	journal	January 1984
Hydrothermal alteration of a 1 km section through the upper oceanic crust, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B: Mineralogy, chemistry and evolution of seawater-basalt interactions Alt, Jeffrey C.; Honnorez, Jose; Laverne, Christine Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 91, Issue B10 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB10p10309	journal	January 1986
Temperature, pressure, and composition of hydrothermal fluids, with their bearing on the magnitude of tectonic uplift at mid-ocean ridges, inferred from fluid inclusions in oceanic layer 3 rocks Vanko, David A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 93, Issue B5 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04595	journal	May 1988
Lead and strontium isotopes in post-glacial basalts from Iceland Sun, S. -S.; Jahn, Bor-ming Nature, Vol. 255, Issue 5509 https://doi.org/10.1038/255527a0	journal	June 1975
Vesicularity and CO2 in mid-ocean ridge basalt Moore, James G. Nature, Vol. 282, Issue 5736 https://doi.org/10.1038/282250a0	journal	November 1979
Extensive volcaniclastic deposits at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge axis: results of deep‐water basaltic explosive volcanic activity? No authors listed Terra Nova, Vol. 10, Issue 5, p. 280-286 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.1998.00204.x	journal	September 1998
A Model for Predicting the Volumes of Vesicles in Submarine Basalts Macpherson, Glenn J. The Journal of Geology, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/628835	journal	January 1984
Salinity Variations in Submarine Hydrothermal Systems by Layered Double-Diffusive Convection Bischoff, James L.; Rosenbauer, Robert J. The Journal of Geology, Vol. 97, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1086/629338	journal	September 1989
Petrology of the Western Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland Jakobsson, S. P.; Jonsson, J.; Shido, F. Journal of Petrology, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/19.4.669	journal	November 1978
Prehnite - Epidote Equilibria and their Petrologic Applications Liou, J. G.; Kim, H. S.; Maruyama, S. Journal of Petrology, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/24.4.321	journal	November 1983
A thermodynamic model for Ca-Na clinoamphiboles in Na2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-O for petrological calculations Dale, J.; Powell, R.; White, R. W. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, Vol. 23, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00609.x	journal	October 2005
Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals [Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals] Armbruster, Thomas; Bonazzi, Paola; Akasaka, Masahide European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0551	journal	November 2006
Variation of seawater 87Sr/86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time Burke, W. H.; Denison, R. E.; Hetherington, E. A. Geology, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<516:VOSSTP>2.0.CO;2	journal	January 1982
Relationship between the Sr and O isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids and the spreading and magma-supply rates at oceanic spreading centers Bach, Wolfgang; Humphris, Susan E. Geology, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1067:RBTSAO>2.3.CO;2	journal	January 1999
Origin of a rhyolite that intruded a geothermal well while drilling at the Krafla volcano, Iceland Elders, Wilfred A.; Friðleifsson, Guðmundur Ó; Zierenberg, Robert A. Geology, Vol. 39, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1130/G31393.1	journal	March 2011
Calc-silicate mineralization in active geothermal systems Bird, Dennis K.; Schiffman, Peter; Elders, Wilfred A. Economic Geology, Vol. 79, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.4.671	journal	July 1984
Epidote in Geothermal Systems Bird, D. K.; Spieler, A. R. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.56.1.235	journal	January 2004
Hydrothermal minerals record CO2 partial pressures in the Reykjanes geothermal system, Iceland Freedman, A. J. E.; Bird, D. K.; Arnorsson, S. American Journal of Science, Vol. 309, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.2475/09.2009.02	journal	November 2009
Petrology of deep sea basalt near Hawaii Moore, J. G. American Journal of Science, Vol. 263, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.263.1.40	journal	January 1965
Chemical interaction of aqueous solutions with epidote-feldspar mineral assemblages in geologic systems; II, Equilibrium constraints in metamorphic/geothermal processes Bird, D. K.; Helgeson, H. C. American Journal of Science, Vol. 281, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.281.5.576	journal	May 1981
An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater (3.2 percent NaCl) Bischoff, J. L.; Rosenbauer, R. J. American Journal of Science, Vol. 285, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.8.725	journal	October 1985
Mineral-fluid interactions in the Reykjanes and Svartsengi geothermal systems, Iceland Lonker, S. W.; Franzson, H.; Kristmannsdottir, H. American Journal of Science, Vol. 293, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.7.605	journal	September 1993
Stable and Strontium Isotopic Profiles through Hydrothermally Altered Upper Oceanic Crust, Hole 504B Alt, J. C.; Teagle, D. A. H.; Bach, W. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 148 Scientific Results https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.148.117.1996	book	May 1996
Drilling the Crust at Mid-Ocean Ridges: An "In Depth" Perspective Ildefonse, Benoît; Rona, Peter; Blackman, Donna Oceanography, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.81	journal	March 2007

Cited By (1)

Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Mount Etna basalt Zhu, Wei; Baud, Patrick; Vinciguerra, Sergio Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 121, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb012826	journal	June 2016

Similar Records

Drill core major, trace and rare earth element anlayses from wells RN-17B and RN-30, Reykjanes, Iceland

Dataset · Wed Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · OSTI ID:1261974

Drill cutting and core major, trace and rare earth element anlayses from wells RN-17B and RN-30, Reykjanes, Iceland

Dataset · Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · OSTI ID:1261973

Related Subjects

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
58 GEOSCIENCES
Epidote
Geothermal
Hydrothermal alteration
Iceland
RN-17B Drill Core
Reykjanes

Evolution of fluid–rock interaction in the Reykjanes geothermal system, Iceland: Evidence from Iceland Deep Drilling Project core RN-17B

Citation Formats

References (52)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects