Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites

Tao, Jing; Zhu, Qing; Riley, William J.; Neumann, Rebecca B.

doi:10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021

Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH₄ and CO₂ emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites

Journal Article · Tue Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2021 · The Cryosphere (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021· OSTI ID:1838201

^[1]; Zhu, Qing ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); University of Washington
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Field measurements have shown that cold-season methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions contribute a substantial portion to the annual net carbon emissions in permafrost regions. However, most earth system land models do not accurately reproduce cold-season CH₄ and CO₂ emissions, especially over the shoulder (i.e., thawing and freezing) seasons. Here we use the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model version 1 (ELMv1-ECA) to tackle this challenge and fill the knowledge gap of how cold-season CH₄ and CO₂ emissions contribute to the annual totals at Alaska Arctic tundra sites. Specifically, we improved the ELMv1-ECA soil water phase-change scheme, environmental controls on microbial activity, and the methane module. Results demonstrate that both soil temperature and the duration of zero-curtain periods (i.e., the fall period when soil temperatures linger around 0°C) simulated by the updated ELMv1-ECA were greatly improved; e.g., the mean absolute error (MAE) in zero-curtain durations at 12 cm depth was reduced by 62 % on average. Furthermore, the MAEs of simulated cold-season carbon emissions at three tundra sites were improved by 72 % and 70 % on average for CH₄ and CO₂, respectively. Overall, CH₄ emitted during the early cold season (September and October), which often includes most of the zero-curtain period in Arctic tundra, accounted for more than 50 % of the total emissions throughout the entire cold season (September to May) in the model, compared with around 49.4 % (43 %–58 %) in observations. From 1950 to 2017, both CO₂ emissions during the zero-curtain period and during the entire cold season showed increasing trends, for example, of 0.17 and 0.36 gC m^-2 yr^-1 at Atqasuk. This study highlights the importance of zero-curtain periods in facilitating cold-season CH₄ and CO₂ emissions from tundra ecosystems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

Contributing Organization:: High Performance Computing at Berkeley Lab.; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0019063

OSTI ID:: 1838201

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1838204
OSTI ID: 1958128

Journal Information:: The Cryosphere (Online), Journal Name: The Cryosphere (Online) Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 15; ISSN 1994-0424

Publisher:: Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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CRU JRA v1.1: A forcings dataset of gridded land surface blend of Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and Japanese reanalysis (JRA) data; Jan.1901 - Dec.2017. (Cru), University Of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit; Harris, Ian C. Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) https://doi.org/10.5285/13f3635174794bb98cf8ac4b0ee8f4ed	dataset	January 2019

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58 GEOSCIENCES
ELM
Permafrost
Tundra
cold-season carbon emissions
zero-curtain periods

Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites

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Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH₄ and CO₂ emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites