Long–term no–till and stover retention each decrease the global warming potential of irrigated continuous corn

Jin, Virginia L.; Schmer, Marty R.; Stewart, Catherine E.; Sindelar, Aaron J.; Varvel, Gary E.; Wienhold, Brian J.

doi:10.1111/gcb.13637

Long–term no–till and stover retention each decrease the global warming potential of irrigated continuous corn

Journal Article · Mon Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Global Change Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13637· OSTI ID:1836054

^[1]; Schmer, Marty R. ^[2]; Stewart, Catherine E. ^[3]; Sindelar, Aaron J. ^[4]; Varvel, Gary E. ^[2]; Wienhold, Brian J. ^[2]

Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States); Antares Group Inc.
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
USDA‐ARS, Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States); Monsanto Company, Malcolm, NE (United States)

Over the last 50 years, the most increase in cultivated land area globally has been due to a doubling of irrigated land. Long-term agronomic management impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and global warming potential (GWP) in irrigated systems, however, remain relatively unknown. Here, residue and tillage management effects were quantified by measuring soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) fluxes and SOC changes (ΔSOC) at a long-term, irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system in eastern Nebraska, United States. Here, management treatments began in 2002, and measured treatments included no or high stover removal (0 or 6.8 Mg DM ha^–1 yr^–1, respectively) under no-till (NT) or conventional disk tillage (CT) with full irrigation (n = 4). Soil N₂O and CH₄ fluxes were measured for five crop-years (2011–2015), and ΔSOC was determined on an equivalent mass basis to ~30 cm soil depth. Both area- and yield-scaled soil N₂O emissions were greater with stover retention compared to removal and for CT compared to NT, with no interaction between stover and tillage practices. Methane comprised <1% of total emissions, with NT being CH₄ neutral and CT a CH₄ source. Surface SOC decreased with stover removal and with CT after 14 years of management. When ΔSOC, soil GHG emissions, and agronomic energy usage were used to calculate system GWP, all management systems were net GHG sources. Conservation practices (NT, stover retention) each decreased system GWP compared to conventional practices (CT, stover removal), but pairing conservation practices conferred no additional mitigation benefit. Although cropping system, management equipment/timing/history, soil type, location, weather, and the depth to which ΔSOC is measured affect the GWP outcomes of irrigated systems at large, this long-term irrigated study provides valuable empirical evidence of how management decisions can impact soil GHG emissions and surface SOC stocks.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007088

OSTI ID:: 1836054

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1536738

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 23; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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