Impact of coolant temperature on the combustion characteristics and emissions of a stratified-charge direct-injection spark-ignition engine fueled with E30

He, Xu; Zhou, Yang; Liu, Zechang; Yang, Qing; Sjöberg, Magnus; Vuilleumier, David; Ding, Carl-Philipp; Liu, Fushui

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121913

Title: Impact of coolant temperature on the combustion characteristics and emissions of a stratified-charge direct-injection spark-ignition engine fueled with E30

Journal Article · Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Fuel

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121913· OSTI ID:1834139

He, Xu ^[1]; Zhou, Yang ^[1]; Liu, Zechang ^[1]; Yang, Qing ^[1]; Sjöberg, Magnus ^[2]; Vuilleumier, David ^[2]; Ding, Carl-Philipp ^[3]; Liu, Fushui ^[1]

Beijing Institute of Technology (China); Beijing Electric Vehicle Collaborative Innovation Center (China)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)

The direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine has received considerable attention due to its potential to increase the power density of traditional spark ignition engines while significantly improving fuel economy through lean, unthrottled combustion. However, the market introduction of DISI engines operated in a lean combustion mode is inhibited by their unsatisfactory emissions, especially during cold start conditions that make proper mixture formation more challenging. Ethanol-blended gasoline, now a widely used fuel, makes the cold start of a DISI engine more difficult, leading to higher HC and soot emissions because of the high latent heat of vaporization of ethanol relative to gasoline. This work investigated the impact of coolant temperature on the characteristics of combustion and emissions in a stratified-charge DISI engine fueled with an E30 fuel (i.e. 30% ethanol in gasoline), while the coolant temperature was alternated between four levels (45, 60, 75, and 90 °C) to simulate different conditions throughout the warm-up process. The experiments showed that the coolant temperature affected the post-spark inflammation time, as well as the speed, intensity, and stability of the combustion process in the engine. When the coolant temperature rose, the engine produced more NOX and less CO, PM and HC. In addition, high-speed direct photography was used to obtain crank-angle resolved images of fuel sprays and flames in the cylinder. As the coolant temperature rose, the liquid spray lengths became shorter, reducing the possibility of wall wetting, and reduced irradiance from soot particles also indicated less nonpremixed combustion. The in-cylinder imaging results are consistent with the observed combustion and emission characteristics and shed light on the underlying processes. Finally, some potential solutions to the emissions challenges faced here could be either raising in-cylinder temperatures by using trapped residuals or modifying the injection schedule, for example by increasing the number of injections or to inject later in the cycle into a higher-density environment.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525; 51976012

OSTI ID:: 1834139

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1826610

Report Number(s):: SAND-2021-12712J; 700828

Journal Information:: Fuel, Vol. 309; ISSN 0016-2361

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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42 ENGINEERING
stratified charge
direct-injection spark-ignition engine
coolant temperature
ethanol
high-speed direct photography
wall wetting

Title: Impact of coolant temperature on the combustion characteristics and emissions of a stratified-charge direct-injection spark-ignition engine fueled with E30

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