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Evaluating Manual Sampling Locations for Regulatory and Emergency Response

Journal Article · · Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, OH (United States)
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  3. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Drinking water systems commonly use manual or grab sampling to monitor water quality, identify or confirm issues, and verify that corrective or emergency response actions have been effective. In this paper, the effectiveness of regulatory sampling locations for emergency response is explored. An optimization formulation based on the literature was used to identify manual sampling locations to maximize overall nodal coverage of the system. Results showed that sampling locations could be effective in confirming incidents for which they were not designed. When evaluating sampling locations optimized for emergency response against regulatory scenarios, the average performance was reduced by 3%–4%, while using optimized regulatory sampling locations for emergency response reduced performance by 7%–10%. Secondary constraints were also included in the formulation to ensure geographical and water age diversity with minimal impact on the performance. This work highlighted that regulatory sampling locations provide value in responding to an emergency for these networks.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
NA0003525
OSTI ID:
1834100
Report Number(s):
SAND--2021-13307J; 701710
Journal Information:
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Journal Name: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 147; ISSN 0733-9496
Publisher:
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WNTR
drinking water
drinking water distribution system modeling
emergency management
grab sampling
optimization
optimization models
sample site selection
verification
water quality
water sampling
water supply systems
water use