Nonreciprocal Frequency Domain Beam Splitter

Otterstrom, Nils T.; Gertler, Shai; Kittlaus, Eric A.; Gehl, Michael; Starbuck, Andrew L.; Dallo, Christina M.; Pomerene, Andrew T.; Trotter, Douglas C.; Rakich, Peter T.; Davids, Paul S.; Lentine, Anthony L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.253603

Title: Nonreciprocal Frequency Domain Beam Splitter

Journal Article · Wed Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.253603· OSTI ID:1834097

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Gehl, Michael ^[1]; Starbuck, Andrew L. ^[1]; Dallo, Christina M. ^[1]; Pomerene, Andrew T. ^[1]; Trotter, Douglas C. ^[1]; Rakich, Peter T. ^[2]; Davids, Paul S. ^[1]; Lentine, Anthony L. ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)

The canonical beam splitter—a fundamental building block of quantum optical systems—is a reciprocal element. It operates on forward- and backward-propagating modes in the same way, regardless of direction. The concept of nonreciprocal quantum photonic operations, by contrast, could be used to transform quantum states in a momentum- and direction-selective fashion. In this study, we demonstrate the basis for such a nonreciprocal transformation in the frequency domain through intermodal Bragg scattering four-wave mixing (BSFWM). Since the total number of idler and signal photons is conserved, the process can preserve coherence of quantum optical states, functioning as a nonreciprocal frequency beam splitter. We explore the origin of this nonreciprocity and find that the phase-matching requirements of intermodal BSFWM produce an enormous asymmetry ( $76 \times$ ) in the conversion bandwidths for forward and backward configurations, yielding $~ 25 dB$ of nonreciprocal contrast over several hundred GHz. We also outline how the demonstrated efficiencies ( $~ 10^{- 4}$ ) may be scaled to near-unity values with readily accessible powers and pumping configurations for applications in integrated quantum photonics.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1834097

Report Number(s):: SAND-2021-14549J; 701656; TRN: US2300122

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 25; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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