skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: QUBO formulations for training machine learning models

Journal Article · · Scientific Reports

Abstract Training machine learning models on classical computers is usually a time and compute intensive process. With Moore’s law nearing its inevitable end and an ever-increasing demand for large-scale data analysis using machine learning, we must leverage non-conventional computing paradigms like quantum computing to train machine learning models efficiently. Adiabatic quantum computers can approximately solve NP-hard problems, such as the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), faster than classical computers. Since many machine learning problems are also NP-hard, we believe adiabatic quantum computers might be instrumental in training machine learning models efficiently in the post Moore’s law era. In order to solve problems on adiabatic quantum computers, they must be formulated as QUBO problems, which is very challenging. In this paper, we formulate the training problems of three machine learning models—linear regression, support vector machine (SVM) and balanced k-means clustering—as QUBO problems, making them conducive to be trained on adiabatic quantum computers. We also analyze the computational complexities of our formulations and compare them to corresponding state-of-the-art classical approaches. We show that the time and space complexities of our formulations are better (in case of SVM and balanced k-means clustering) or equivalent (in case of linear regression) to their classical counterparts.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1833737
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1784155
Journal Information:
Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Vol. 11 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

References (26)

The Protein Folding Problem journal June 2008
Parameterized quantum circuits as machine learning models journal October 2019
Quantum annealing for combinatorial clustering journal January 2018
Graph clustering journal August 2007
A Survey on quantum computing technology journal February 2019
Multivariable optimization: Quantum annealing and computation journal February 2015
Support vector machines on the D-Wave quantum annealer journal March 2020
Quantum circuit design for objective function maximization in gate-model quantum computers journal May 2019
Graph Partitioning using Quantum Annealing on the D-Wave System
  • Ushijima-Mwesigwa, Hayato; Negre, Christian F. A.; Mniszewski, Susan M.
  • Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Post Moores Era Supercomputing - PMES'17 https://doi.org/10.1145/3149526.3149531
conference January 2017
Using linear and non-linear regression to fit biochemical data journal December 1990
Mixed-state entanglement and quantum error correction journal November 1996
Any quantum network is structurally controllable by a single driving signal journal November 2018
Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model journal January 2020
Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor journal October 2019
Maintaining coherence in quantum computers journal February 1995
Data Clustering with Cluster Size Constraints Using a Modified K-Means Algorithm conference October 2014
Quantum annealing in the transverse Ising model journal November 1998
Efficiently embedding QUBO problems on adiabatic quantum computers journal March 2019
Balanced k-means clustering on an adiabatic quantum computer journal September 2021
Applications of weighted Voronoi diagrams and randomization to variance-based k -clustering: (extended abstract) conference January 1994
Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles journal January 2019
Least-squares solutions to polynomial systems of equations with quantum annealing journal November 2019
Applying machine learning to agricultural data journal June 1995
Predicting the Future — Big Data, Machine Learning, and Clinical Medicine journal September 2016
Adiabatic quantum linear regression journal November 2021
Beweis des Adiabatensatzes journal March 1928

Similar Records

Adiabatic quantum linear regression
Journal Article · Tue Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1833737

Balanced k-means clustering on an adiabatic quantum computer
Journal Article · Sat Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Quantum Information Processing · OSTI ID:1833737

Efficiently embedding QUBO problems on adiabatic quantum computers
Journal Article · Tue Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Quantum Information Processing · OSTI ID:1833737