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Standardization of the Distributed Ledger Technology cybersecurity stack for power and energy applications

Journal Article · · Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12]
  1. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  2. Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway)
  3. Univ. of Texas at San Antonio, TX (United States)
  4. Duke Energy Corp., Charlotte, NC (United States)
  5. BlockFrame Inc., Colorado Springs, CO (United States)
  6. Nevermore Security, Evergreen, CO (United States)
  7. Blockchain Engineering Council (BEC), Houston, TX (United States)
  8. National Resilience Inc., Washington, DC (United States)
  9. Univ. of Brescia (Italy)
  10. Open Access Technology International Inc., Minneapolis, MN (United States)
  11. CybSecBCML Inc., Raleigh, NC (United States)
  12. Univ. of Greenwich, London (United Kingdom)
+ Show Author Affiliations

The global trend towards the integration of distributed energy resources is opening the doors to advanced, complex, and distributedmarketplaces. Such advanced ecosystems, where utility-owned and non utility-owned assets can contribute towards grid operations,generally require distributed communication and grid architectures, which can be supported by Distributed Ledger Technologies(DLTs). However, the potential of DLTs for long-term scalable solutions in operational technology applications has not been fullyutilized, partly due to the lack of standardization across and between different DLTs, as well as other supporting building blocks(e.g., communication protocols). This paper attempts to address this gap by proposing a DLT cybersecurity stack specificallydesigned for researchers, DLT technology developers, and end users (such as utilities). The DLT cybersecurity stack has beennotionally mapped to related cybersecurity components, namely: the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, the TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, and existing Smart Grid architecture frameworks. In addition, the paper discussesseveral cybersecurity implications, and demonstrates the potential uses of the DLT stack through multiple power and energy usecases. It is important to note that the stack can be also applied to the DLT use cases that are outside the power and energy domain.This work has been performed by the Cybersecurity Task Force under the IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain for Energy Standard workinggroup that is stationed under the IEEE Power and Energy Society’s Smart Buildings, Loads, and Customer Systems (SBLC)technical committee.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1832897
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--164673
Journal Information:
Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Journal Name: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks Vol. 28; ISSN 2352-4677
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Blockchain
Cybersecurity
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
Distributed energy resource (DER)
Power systems
Smart grid