Herbicide, fertilization, and planting density effects on intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development

Ferreira, Gabriel W. D.; Rau, Benjamin M.; Aubrey, Doug P.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118206

Herbicide, fertilization, and planting density effects on intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development

Journal Article · Sun May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Forest Ecology and Management

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118206· OSTI ID:1693417

Ferreira, Gabriel W. D. ^[1]; Rau, Benjamin M. ^[2]; Aubrey, Doug P. ^[3]

Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL); USDA Forest Service-Savannah River
USGS New England Water Science Center, Northborough, MA (United States)
Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL); University of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Production forestry in the southeast US has been partially transitioned to intensively managed short rotations (~10 years), in which multiple silvicultural interventions are performed during forest development. Understanding the responses to silvicultural practices and continued refinement of site-specific recommendations is critical to sustainably maximize forest production. We evaluated the effects of silvicultural practices (herbicide, fertilization, and planting density) on growth, stand homogeneity, and above- and belowground biomass accumulation and partitioning of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) throughout early stand development (age 5 years) in the southeastern US. Five treatments with eight replications each were tested: no herbicide and no fertilization (C); herbicide only (H); herbicide and half-reduced fertilization rate (R); herbicide and full fertilization (F); and increased stand density (60+ %; 1346 vs. 2152 trees per hectare) with herbicide and full fertilization rate (D). Allometric equations generated from destructive harvests were applied to annual diameter measurements to estimate plot-level biomass and allocation. Herbicide was crucial to promote stand uniformity and increase yield (~600+ % stem biomass compared with C at age 5). Aboveground biomass was similar in R and F treatments, which was ~25% higher than in H at age 5. Increasing planting density along with multiple herbicide and fertilizer applications yielded higher biomass without compromising individual tree size (diameter and height). There was little effect of silviculture practices on allocation patterns. Our results parallel what was found for fertilization with herbicide from a number of loblolly stands under similar conditions and indicate a ~28% volume gain with fertilization during early stand development. Similarly, our results were consistent with other studies implementing similar differences in planting density and suggest a ~26% volume gain through early stand development with an initial 60% increase in planting density. Furthermore, our study helps to understand complex relationships between production and silvicultural practices during early stand development and demonstrates that silvicultural prescriptions can be optimized to increase sustainability of production forestry

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), Aiken, SC (United States); Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States); Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Ecology Lab. (SREL); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Forest Service; USDA; USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office

Contributing Organization:: USDA Forest Service-Savannah River

Grant/Contract Number:: EM0003622; EM0004391; FC09-07SR22506

OSTI ID:: 1693417

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2325080
OSTI ID: 1829090

Report Number(s):: 20-04--P; 20-04-P

Journal Information:: Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Name: Forest Ecology and Management Vol. 472; ISSN 0378-1127

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Herbicide, fertilization, and planting density effects on intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development

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