The role of oxygen in stimulating methane production in wetlands

Wilmoth, Jared L.; Schaefer, Jeffra K.; Schlesinger, Danielle R.; Roth, Spencer W.; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Shoemaker, Julie K.; Zhang, Xinning

doi:10.1111/gcb.15831

Title: The role of oxygen in stimulating methane production in wetlands

Journal Article · Wed Aug 18 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Global Change Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15831· OSTI ID:1826790

Wilmoth, Jared L. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[2]; Hatcher, Patrick G. ^[3]; Shoemaker, Julie K. ^[4];

^[1]

Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ (United States)
Lesley University, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)

Methane (CH₄), a potent greenhouse gas, is the second most important greenhouse gas contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide (CO₂). The biological emissions of CH₄ from wetlands are a major uncertainty in CH₄ budgets. Microbial methanogenesis by Archaea is an anaerobic process accounting for most biological CH₄ production in nature, yet recent observations indicate that large emissions can originate from oxygenated or frequently oxygenated wetland soil layers. To determine how oxygen (O₂) can stimulate CH₄ emissions, we used incubations of Sphagnum peat to demonstrate that the temporary exposure of peat to O₂ can increase CH₄ yields up to 2000-fold during subsequent anoxic conditions relative to peat without O₂ exposure. Geochemical (including ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, X-ray absorbance spectroscopy) and microbiome (16S rDNA amplicons, metagenomics) analyses of peat showed that higher CH₄ yields of redox-oscillated peat were due to functional shifts in the peat microbiome arising during redox oscillation that enhanced peat carbon (C) degradation. Novosphingobium species with O₂-dependent aromatic oxygenase genes increased greatly in relative abundance during the oxygenation period in redox-oscillated peat compared to anoxic controls. Acidobacteria species were particularly important for anaerobic processing of peat C, including in the production of methanogenic substrates H₂ and CO₂. Higher CO₂ production during the anoxic phase of redox-oscillated peat stimulated hydrogenotrophic CH₄ production by Methanobacterium species. The persistence of reduced iron (Fe(II)) during prolonged oxygenation in redox-oscillated peat may further enhance C degradation through abiotic mechanisms (e.g., Fenton reactions). The results indicate that specific functional shifts in the peat microbiome underlie O₂ enhancement of CH₄ production in acidic, Sphagnum-rich wetland soils. They also imply that understanding microbial dynamics spanning temporal and spatial redox transitions in peatlands is critical for constraining CH₄ budgets; predicting feedbacks between climate change, hydrologic variability, and wetland CH₄ emissions; and guiding wetland C management strategies.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; SC0012704; FG02-94ER14466; DGE 1842213; CHE-1610021; EAR-1128799

OSTI ID:: 1826790

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Vol. 27, Issue 22; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
carbon mitigation
carbon-climate feedback
climate change
peatland microbiome
soil microbial carbon cycling
soil redox dynamics
wetland management
wetland methane

Title: The role of oxygen in stimulating methane production in wetlands

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