Time Resolution Measurements of EJ-232Q With Single- and Dual-Sided Readouts

Wen, Xianfei; Hayward, Jason P.

doi:10.1109/tns.2020.3010469

Time Resolution Measurements of EJ-232Q With Single- and Dual-Sided Readouts

Journal Article · Mon Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2020.3010469· OSTI ID:1826752

^[1]; ^[2]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

In view of its importance to applications in high energy physics, nuclear security, and time-of-flight PET, the time resolution of 0.5% benzophenone-quenched EJ-232Q plastic scintillators of various lengths was studied using a fast waveform digitizer and fast PMTs. The scintillator sizes were 5 mm × 5 mm × 10, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mm. First, the timing measurements were performed by using a single PMT reading out one end. The degradation in time resolution with increasing scintillator length was studied. The irradiation geometry was also observed to have a non-negligible impact on the time resolution due to the variation of depth-of-interaction positions, especially for the scintillators with a high aspect ratio. Second, two PMTs were employed for a dual-sided readout. This readout together with the mean time method was demonstrated to be an effective approach to improve the timing performance since the depth-of-interaction-related effect was considerably mitigated. A time resolution of 79 ± 1 ps (full-width at half-maximum) has been achieved for the 5 × 5 × 10 mm³ scintillator. The 5 × 5 × 100 mm³ scintillator can still provide a time resolution as good as 172 ± 1 ps. Here, the energy range used for each was between 340 keVee and 450 keVee. In addition, the time information from individual PMTs in a dual-sided readout was able to show a time resolution almost identical to that determined with the mean-time-based technique after correcting for the depth-of-interaction variation for the 100 mm long scintillator.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0000979; NA0003180

OSTI ID:: 1826752

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 67; ISSN 0018-9499

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (32)

Time response of plastic scintillators Lyons, P. B.; Stevens, J. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 114, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(74)90549-7	journal	January 1974
Light pulse shapes from plastic scintillators Moszyǹski, M.; Bengtson, B. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 142, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(77)90676-0	journal	May 1977
Decay time and light yield measurements for plastic scintillating fibers Hawkes, C. M.; Kuhlen, M.; Milliken, B. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 292, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90388-M	journal	July 1990
Analysis of digital timing methods with BaF2 scintillators Nelson, Mark A.; Rooney, Brian D.; Dinwiddie, Derek R. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 505, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01078-7	journal	June 2003
Timing resolution improvement using DOI information in a four-layer scintillation detector for TOF-PET Shibuya, Kengo; Nishikido, Fumihiko; Tsuda, Tomoaki Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 593, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.020	journal	August 2008
An anti-neutrino detector to monitor nuclear reactor's power and fuel composition Battaglieri, M.; DeVita, R.; Firpo, G. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 617, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.09.031	journal	May 2010
Application of the DRS chip for fast waveform digitizing Ritt, Stefan; Dinapoli, Roberto; Hartmann, Ueli Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 623, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.045	journal	November 2010
Fast timing with plastic scintillators for in-beam heavy-ion spectroscopy Hoischen, R.; Pietri, S.; Rudolph, D. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 654, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.07.013	journal	October 2011
Picosecond resolution on relativistic heavy ions' time-of-flight measurement Ebran, A.; Taieb, J.; Belier, G. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 728 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.06.021	journal	November 2013
On timing properties of LYSO-based calorimeters Anderson, D.; Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 794 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.04.013	journal	September 2015
Reaching time resolution of less than 10 ps with plastic scintillation detectors Zhao, J. W.; Sun, B. H.; Tanihata, I. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 823 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.03.106	journal	July 2016
Development of TOF-PET using Compton scattering by plastic scintillators Kuramoto, M.; Nakamori, T.; Kimura, S. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 845 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.100	journal	February 2017
Model-based design evaluation of a compact, high-efficiency neutron scatter camera Weinfurther, Kyle; Mattingly, John; Brubaker, Erik Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 883 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.11.025	journal	March 2018
Interaction position, time, and energy resolution in organic scintillator bars with dual-ended readout Sweany, M.; Galindo-Tellez, A.; Brown, J. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 927 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.02.063	journal	May 2019
Characterization of a scintillating mini-detector for time-of-flight positron emission tomography with depth-of-interaction Cosentino, Luigi; Finocchiaro, Paolo; Pappalardo, Alfio Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4739310	journal	August 2012
Time Resolution of a Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce³⁺ Detector Measured with a DRS4 Waveform Digitizer Wen, Xianfei; Enqvist, Andreas Nuclear Technology, Vol. 205, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1603503	journal	April 2019
Continuous depth-of-interaction encoding using phosphor-coated scintillators Du, Huini; Yang, Yongfeng; Glodo, Jarek Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/6/023	journal	March 2009
Depth-of-interaction measurement in a single-layer crystal array with a single-ended readout using digital silicon photomultiplier Lee, Min Sun; Lee, Jae Sung Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 60, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/16/6495	journal	August 2015
Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph Moskal, P.; Rundel, O.; Alfs, D. Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 61, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/61/5/2025	journal	February 2016
Measurement of intrinsic rise times for various L(Y)SO and LuAG scintillators with a general study of prompt photons to achieve 10 ps in TOF-PET Gundacker, Stefan; Auffray, Etiennette; Pauwels, Kristof Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 61, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/61/7/2802	journal	March 2016
Achieving reliable coincidence resolving time measurement of PET detectors using multichannel waveform digitizer based on DRS4 chip Park, Haewook; Lee, Seungeun; Ko, Guen Bae Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 63, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bb	journal	December 2018
Experimental time resolution limits of modern SiPMs and TOF-PET detectors exploring different scintillators and Cherenkov emission Gundacker, Stefan; Martinez Turtos, Rosana; Kratochwil, Nicolaus Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 65, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab63b4	journal	January 2020
J-PET: A Novel TOF-PET Detector based on Plastic Scintillators Moskal, Pawel; Alfs, Dominika; Bednarski, Tomasz 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD) https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069617	conference	October 2016
Readout Electronics and Data Acquisition of a Positron Emission Tomography Time-of-Flight Detector Module With Waveform Digitizer No authors listed IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2013.2264947	journal	October 2013
Design Considerations for DOI-encoding PET Detectors Using Phosphor-Coated Crystals Roncali, Emilie; Viswanath, Varsha; Cherry, Simon R. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2013.2293313	journal	February 2014
Development of High Precision Timing Counter Based on Plastic Scintillator with SiPM Readout Cattaneo, Paolo W.; De Gerone, Matteo; Gatti, Flavio IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 61, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2014.2347576	journal	October 2014
Novel Calibration Method for Switched Capacitor Arrays Enables Time Measurements With Sub-Picosecond Resolution Stricker-Shaver, D.; Ritt, S.; Pichler, B. J. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 61, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2014.2366071	journal	December 2014
A Dual-Ended Readout Detector Using a Meantime Method for SiPM TOF-DOI PET Kang, Han Gyu; Ko, Guen Bae; Rhee, June Tak IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 62, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2449891	journal	October 2015
Ultra-Fast Sampling and Data Acquisition Using the DRS4 Waveform Digitizer Bitossi, Massimiliano; Paoletti, Riccardo; Tescaro, Diego IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 63, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2016.2578963	journal	August 2016
Proton Light Yield of Fast Plastic Scintillators for Neutron Imaging Manfredi, J. J.; Goldblum, B. L.; Laplace, T. A. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2019.2959979	journal	February 2020
Development of a novel depth of interaction PET detector using highly multiplexed G-APD cross-strip encoding Kolb, A.; Parl, C.; Mantlik, F. Medical Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 8Part1 https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4890609	journal	July 2014
Scintillation counters in modern high-energy physics experiments (Review) Kharzheev, Yu. N. Physics of Particles and Nuclei, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779615040048	journal	July 2015

Similar Records

Organic glass scintillator bars with dual-ended readout

Journal Article · Sun Jul 25 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment · OSTI ID:1826369

Interaction position, time, and energy resolution in organic scintillator bars with dual-ended readout

Journal Article · Sun Feb 24 19:00:00 EST 2019 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment · OSTI ID:1497634

Related Subjects

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
DRS4 waveform digitizer
Depth of interaction (DOI)
EJ-232Q
dual-sided readout
time resolution

Time Resolution Measurements of EJ-232Q With Single- and Dual-Sided Readouts

Citation Formats

References (32)

Similar Records

Related Subjects