Recycled Cardboard Containers as a Low Energy Source for Cellulose Nanofibrils and Their Use in Poly(l-lactide) Nanocomposites

Copenhaver, Katie; Li, Kai; Lamm, Meghan E.; Walker, Colleen; Johnson, Donna; Han, Yousoo; Wang, Lu; Zhao, Xianhui; Pu, Yunqiao Joseph; Hinton, Holly; Tekinalp, Halil; Bhagia, Samarthya; Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Gardner, Douglas J.; Ozcan, Soydan

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03890

Recycled Cardboard Containers as a Low Energy Source for Cellulose Nanofibrils and Their Use in Poly(l-lactide) Nanocomposites

Journal Article · Thu Sep 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03890· OSTI ID:1826032

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Walker, Colleen ^[2]; Johnson, Donna ^[2]; Han, Yousoo ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Hinton, Holly ^[1]; Tekinalp, Halil ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Cellulose nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of interest as sustainable alternatives to nonrenewable or fossil fuel-derived materials, particularly in composite applications. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are most often derived from wood sources through energy-intensive and costly mechanical fibrillation processes. Here, recycled cardboard, referred to as old corrugated cardboard (OCC), was investigated as an alternate CNF source. OCC is a recycled material that can be obtained at one-tenth the cost of the commonly used bleached softwood Kraft pulp and can be refined to similar levels with nearly one-half of the energy consumption. Additionally, the distinct composition and morphology of OCC-derived CNF provides a more favorable fiber–matrix interface and better reinforcement capabilities of the cellulose nanofibrils in polymer matrices, displaying an over 70% increase in tensile modulus at a loading of 40 wt % with no decrease in tensile strength. When paired with biobased poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), OCC-derived CNF is proven to be an attractive low-cost and low-energy reinforcing agent for sustainable, high performance nanocomposites.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Manufacturing Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1826032

Journal Information:: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Name: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Journal Issue: 40 Vol. 9; ISSN 2168-0485

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Biocomposite
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)
Nanocellulose
Nanocomposite
Old corrugated containers (OCC)
Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)
Recycled cardboard

Recycled Cardboard Containers as a Low Energy Source for Cellulose Nanofibrils and Their Use in Poly(l-lactide) Nanocomposites

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