Phosphorus availability and leaching losses in annual and perennial cropping systems in an upper US Midwest landscape

Hussain, Mir Zaman; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Robertson, G. Philip; Basso, Bruno

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99877-7

Title: Phosphorus availability and leaching losses in annual and perennial cropping systems in an upper US Midwest landscape

Journal Article · Wed Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99877-7· OSTI ID:1825570

Hussain, Mir Zaman; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Robertson, G. Philip; Basso, Bruno

Abstract Excessive phosphorus (P) applications to croplands can contribute to eutrophication of surface waters through surface runoff and subsurface (leaching) losses. We analyzed leaching losses of total dissolved P (TDP) from no-till corn, hybrid poplar ( Populus nigra X P. maximowiczii ), switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ), miscanthus ( Miscanthus giganteus ), native grasses, and restored prairie, all planted in 2008 on former cropland in Michigan, USA. All crops except corn (13 kg P ha ⁻¹ year ⁻¹ ) were grown without P fertilization. Biomass was harvested at the end of each growing season except for poplar. Soil water at 1.2 m depth was sampled weekly to biweekly for TDP determination during March–November 2009–2016 using tension lysimeters. Soil test P (0–25 cm depth) was measured every autumn. Soil water TDP concentrations were usually below levels where eutrophication of surface waters is frequently observed (> 0.02 mg L ⁻¹ ) but often higher than in deep groundwater or nearby streams and lakes. Rates of P leaching, estimated from measured concentrations and modeled drainage, did not differ statistically among cropping systems across years; 7-year cropping system means ranged from 0.035 to 0.072 kg P ha ⁻¹ year ⁻¹ with large interannual variation. Leached P was positively related to STP, which decreased over the 7 years in all systems. These results indicate that both P-fertilized and unfertilized cropping systems may leach legacy P from past cropland management.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF); Michigan State University AgBioResearch

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018409; FC02-07ER64494; DEB 1027253; DEB 1637653

OSTI ID:: 1825570

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1904708

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Vol. 11 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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