Contrasting characteristics of open- and closed-cellular stratocumulus cloud in the eastern North Atlantic

Jensen, Michael P.; Ghate, Virendra P.; Wang, Dié; Apoznanski, Diana K.; Bartholomew, Mary J.; Giangrande, Scott E.; Johnson, Karen L.; Thieman, Mandana M.

doi:10.5194/acp-21-14557-2021

Title: Contrasting characteristics of open- and closed-cellular stratocumulus cloud in the eastern North Atlantic

Journal Article · Fri Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14557-2021· OSTI ID:1823282

;

; Apoznanski, Diana K.; Bartholomew, Mary J.;

; Johnson, Karen L.; Thieman, Mandana M.

Extensive regions of marine boundary layer cloud impact the radiative balance through their significant shortwave albedo while having little impact on outgoing longwave radiation. Despite this importance, these cloud systems remain poorly represented in large-scale models due to difficulty in representing the processes that drive their life cycle and coverage. In particular, the mesoscale organization and cellular structure of marine boundary clouds have important implications for the subsequent cloud feedbacks. In this study, we use long-term (2013–2018) observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Facility's Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site on Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal, to identify cloud cases with open- or closed-cellular organization. More than 500 h of each organization type are identified. The ARM observations are combined with reanalysis and satellite products to quantify the cloud, precipitation, aerosol, thermodynamic, and large-scale synoptic characteristics associated with these cloud types. Our analysis shows that both cloud organization populations occur during similar sea surface temperature conditions, but the open-cell cases are distinguished by stronger cold-air advection and large-scale subsidence compared to the closed-cell cases, consistent with their formation during cold-air outbreaks. We also find that the open-cell cases were associated with deeper boundary layers, stronger low-level winds, and higher rain rates compared to their closed-cell counterparts. Finally, raindrops with diameters larger than 1mm were routinely recorded at the surface during both populations, with a higher number of large drops during the open-cellular cases. The similarities and differences noted herein provide important insights into the environmental and cloud characteristics during varying marine boundary layer cloud mesoscale organization and will be useful for the evaluation of model simulations for ENA marine clouds.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Contributing Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC02-06CH11357; SC0013896,; 89243119SSC000035; SC0013896

OSTI ID:: 1823282

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1823384; OSTI ID: 1823615; OSTI ID: 1957752

Report Number(s):: BNL-222204-2021-JAAM

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Vol. 21 Journal Issue: 19; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus GmbHCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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