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Bioenergy for climate change mitigation: Scale and sustainability

Journal Article · · Global Change Biology. Bioenergy
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12863· OSTI ID:1819932
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13]
  1. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Joint Global Change Research Institute
  2. NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW (Australia); University of New England Armidale, NSW (Australia)
  3. Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Space, Earth and Environment
  4. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK‐IFU) Garmisch‐Partenkirchen (Germany); Department of Geo‐ecology (IFGG) Karlsruhe (Germany)
  5. Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway). Industrial Ecology Program Department of Energy and Process Engineering
  6. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (Brazi); Energy Planning Program Graduate School of Engineering; Imperial College London (United Kingdom). Centre for Environmental Policy
  7. European Commission, Ispra (Italy). Joint Research Centre
  8. University of Bristol United Kingdom). Cabot Institute Dept. of Geographical Sciences
  9. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm (Sweden)
  10. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) (Germany)
  11. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK‐IFU) Garmisch‐Partenkirchen (Germany); Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Geosciences
  12. Imperial College London (United Kingdom). Centre for Environmental Policy
  13. Univ. of Aberdeen (United Kingdom). Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences

Many global climate change mitigation pathways presented in IPCC assessment reports rely heavily on the deployment of biomass for bioenergy, often used in conjunction with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We review the literature on bioenergy, including the modelling of bioenergy in integrated assessment models (IAMs) and bottom-up modelling and non-modelling studies on the implications of bioenergy use. We summarise the limitations of existing modelling studies and what is known about the potential co-benefits and adverse side-effects of bioenergy systems. We find that the implications of bioenergy supply on mitigation and other sustainability criteria are context dependent and influenced by feedstock, management regime, climatic region, scale of deployment and the counterfactual land use and energy system. However, due to limitations of the existing models, and uncertainty over the future context with respect to the many variables that influence availability of biomass and land resources, it is not possible to precisely quantify the sustainability implications for different scales of bioenergy implementation. Given these uncertainties, the dependence on large-scale deployment of bioenergy in mitigation scenarios carries risks. The deployment of bioenergy technologies and the evolution of biomass supply chains at a scale that achieves significant mitigation and carbon sequestration requires integrative policies, coordinated institutions and improved governance mechanisms. As a result, bioenergy, and the use of land to produce biomass, is an essential part of many climate mitigation strategies but there are limits to its use due to trade-offs with sustainability.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1819932
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--157982
Journal Information:
Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Journal Name: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 13; ISSN 1757-1693
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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