Increased seminal root number associated with domestication improves nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition in maize seedlings

Perkins, Alden C.; Lynch, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcab074

Increased seminal root number associated with domestication improves nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition in maize seedlings

Journal Article · Sat Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Annals of Botany

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab074· OSTI ID:1818780

Perkins, Alden C. ^[1]; Lynch, Jonathan P. ^[1]

Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

Abstract Background and Aims

Domesticated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) generally forms between two and six seminal roots, while its wild ancestor, Mexican annual teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), typically lacks seminal roots. Maize also produces larger seeds than teosinte, and it generally has higher growth rates as a seedling. Maize was originally domesticated in the tropical soils of southern Mexico, but it was later brought to the Mexican highlands before spreading to other parts of the continent, where it experienced different soil resource constraints. The aims of this study were to understand the impacts of increased seminal root number on seedling nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition and to model how differences in maize and teosinte phenotypes might have contributed to increased seminal root number in domesticated maize.

Methods

Seedling root system architectural models of a teosinte accession and a maize landrace were constructed by parameterizing the functional–structural plant model OpenSimRoot using plants grown in mesocosms. Seedling growth was simulated in a low-phosphorus environment, multiple low-nitrogen environments, and at variable planting densities. Models were also constructed to combine individual components of the maize and teosinte phenotypes.

Key Results

Seminal roots contributed ~35 % of the nitrogen and phosphorus acquired by maize landrace seedlings in the first 25 d after planting. Increased seminal root number improved plant nitrogen acquisition under low-nitrogen environments with varying precipitation patterns, fertilization rates, soil textures and planting densities. Models suggested that the optimal number of seminal roots for nutrient acquisition in teosinte is constrained by its limited seed carbohydrate reserves.

Conclusions

Seminal roots can improve the acquisition of both nitrogen and phosphorus in maize seedlings, and the increase in seed size associated with maize domestication may have facilitated increased seminal root number.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDA Institute of Food and Agriculture; USDOE; USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

Grant/Contract Number:: AR0000821

OSTI ID:: 1818780

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1848274

Journal Information:: Annals of Botany, Journal Name: Annals of Botany Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 128; ISSN 0305-7364

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Increased seminal root number associated with domestication improves nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition in maize seedlings

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