Retardation of Small Creep–Fatigue Crack in Gr. 91 Steel Through the Combined Effects of Stress Relaxation, Microstructural Evolution, and Oxidation

Bahl, Sumit; Dryepondt, Sebastien N.; Allard Jr, Lawrence; Suwas, Satyam; Shyam, Amit

doi:10.1007/s11661-018-4947-y

Title: Retardation of Small Creep–Fatigue Crack in Gr. 91 Steel Through the Combined Effects of Stress Relaxation, Microstructural Evolution, and Oxidation

Journal Article · Fri Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4947-y· OSTI ID:1818768

Bahl, Sumit ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Suwas, Satyam ^[3];

^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore (India)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore (India)

This investigation reports an unusual effect of hold time (up to 10 seconds) on retardation in the growth of creep–fatigue small cracks at 550 °C in Grade 91 steel. The observed phenomenon was interpreted by elucidating multiple processes that are active in the plastic zone at the crack tip. To this effect, microstructural and mechanical responses of the crack tip plastic zone were compared with the mechanical and microstructural responses during low cycle fatigue/creep–fatigue. It is proposed that the stress relaxation that occurs during the hold time can reduce the stress intensity in the plastic zone of crack tip thus, contributing to retardation in the small crack growth rate. Aside from stress relaxation, stress intensity in the crack tip can be further reduced by the phenomenon of cyclic softening that occurs because of plasticity-induced microstructural coarsening. Separately, the contribution of oxidation-induced crack tip shielding is also considered to explain the observed effects of hold time on crack growth rates. Taken together, a combination of stress relaxation, enhanced rate of cyclic softening, and higher degree of oxidation with the introduction of a hold time is demonstrated to be responsible for reduction in the crack growth under creep–fatigue conditions.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1818768

Journal Information:: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, Vol. 49, Issue 12; ISSN 1073-5623

Publisher:: ASM InternationalCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Gr. 91
Creep-fatigue
Small fatigue crack growth
Tensile hold
Stress relaxation
Oxidation
Cyclic softening

Title: Retardation of Small Creep–Fatigue Crack in Gr. 91 Steel Through the Combined Effects of Stress Relaxation, Microstructural Evolution, and Oxidation

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