High-Speed Diagnostics in a Natural Gas–Air Rotating Detonation Engine

Journell, Christopher L.; Waters, Ian V.; Stout, Jeffrey B.; Lemcherfi, Aaron; Gejji, Rohan M.; Slabaugh, Carson D.

doi:10.2514/1.b37740

High-Speed Diagnostics in a Natural Gas–Air Rotating Detonation Engine

Journal Article · Sat Mar 07 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of Propulsion and Power (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37740· OSTI ID:1817706

Journell, Christopher L. ^[1]; Waters, Ian V. ^[2]; Stout, Jeffrey B. ^[3]; Lemcherfi, Aaron ^[2]; Gejji, Rohan M. ^[2]; Slabaugh, Carson D. ^[2]

Arnold Engineering Development Complex, Arnold AFB, TN (United States); Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc.
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc., Canoga Park, CA (United States)

An application of high-speed diagnostic techniques in a natural gas-air rotating detonation engine at conditions relevant to land-based power generation is presented. Diagnostics included high-frequency chamber pressure measurements, chemiluminescence imaging of the combustor annulus (aft looking forward), and particle image velocimetry measurements at the exit plane of the engine and tangent to the center body. Detonation surface plots are created from chemiluminescence images and allow for the extraction of properties such as dominant mode frequencies and wave number, speed, and direction. Dynamic mode decomposition is also applied to the chemiluminescence images to isolate various spatial modes within each test. Singular-spectrum analysis is used to isolate modes corresponding to the detonation frequency in the signals of velocity components obtained from particle image velocimetry, maintaining instantaneous phase information. Results from a case with a primary mode corresponding to a single wave rotating clockwise with a minor wave rotating counterclockwise are presented. Results from a case with two detonation waves rotating clockwise in the combustor annulus are also presented. Furthermore, the dominant chamber frequency for the case with two co-rotating waves in the chamber is found to be 3.46 kHz, corresponding to two individual waves traversing the annular combustion chamber at average speeds of 68% of the Chapman-Jouguet velocity. Dynamic mode decomposition indicates the presence of two major detonation waves rotating clockwise and periodically intersecting with two minor, counterclockwise rotating waves in the annulus during operation. Axial and azimuthal components of velocity from this case are observed to remain nearly in phase and are determined to correspond to the two minor, counterclockwise rotating waves.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc., Canoga Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0023983

OSTI ID:: 1817706

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1799786

Journal Information:: Journal of Propulsion and Power (Online), Journal Name: Journal of Propulsion and Power (Online) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 36; ISSN 1533-3876

Publisher:: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (37)

Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide Raffel, Markus; Willert, Christian E.; Scarano, Fulvio https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7	book	January 2018
Spatiotemporal analysis of turbulent jets enabled by 100-kHz, 100-ms burst-mode particle image velocimetry Miller, Joseph D.; Jiang, Naibo; Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-016-2279-5	journal	November 2016
Measurement of cell lengths in the detonation front of hydrocarbon oxygen and nitrogen mixtures at elevated initial pressures Bauer, P. A.; Presles, H. N.; Heuze, O. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 64, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(86)90102-1	journal	April 1986
Singular-spectrum analysis: A toolkit for short, noisy chaotic signals Vautard, Robert; Yiou, Pascal; Ghil, Michael Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Vol. 58, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(92)90103-T	journal	September 1992
Experimental research on rotating detonation in liquid fuel–gaseous air mixtures Kindracki, Jan Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.04.006	journal	June 2015
Chemiluminescence imaging of an optically accessible non-premixed rotating detonation engine Rankin, Brent A.; Richardson, Daniel R.; Caswell, Andrew W. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.09.020	journal	February 2017
Self-sustained, high-frequency detonation wave generation in a semi-bounded channel Schwinn, Kyle; Gejji, Rohan; Kan, Brandon Combustion and Flame, Vol. 193 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.03.022	journal	July 2018
An experimental study on CH4/O2 continuously rotating detonation wave in a hollow combustion chamber Lin, Wei; Zhou, Jin; Liu, Shijie Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.11.017	journal	April 2015
Characterization of instabilities in a Rotating Detonation Combustor Anand, Vijay; St. George, Andrew; Driscoll, Robert International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 40, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.09.046	journal	December 2015
Single-ended mid-infrared laser-absorption sensor for time-resolved measurements of water concentration and temperature within the annulus of a rotating detonation engine Peng, Wen Yu; Cassady, Séan J.; Strand, Christopher L. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.021	journal	January 2019
Self-excited transverse combustion instabilities in a high pressure lean premixed jet flame Buschhagen, Timo; Gejji, Rohan; Philo, John Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.07.086	journal	January 2019
Investigation of the structure of detonation waves in a non-premixed hydrogen–air rotating detonation engine using mid-infrared imaging Rankin, Brent A.; Codoni, Joshua R.; Cho, Kevin Y. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 37, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.09.036	journal	January 2019
Dynamic mode decomposition of numerical and experimental data Schmid, Peter J. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 656 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112010001217	journal	July 2010
Advanced spectral methods for climatic time series Ghil, M. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000092	journal	January 2002
The development of an optically accessible, high-power combustion test rig Slabaugh, Carson D.; Pratt, Andrew C.; Lucht, Robert P. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867084	journal	March 2014
Automated image processing method to quantify rotating detonation wave behavior Bennewitz, J. W.; Bigler, B. R.; Schumaker, S. A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5067256	journal	June 2019
Temporally resolved PIV for space–time correlations in both cold and hot jet flows Wernet, Mark P. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/18/5/027	journal	March 2007
Review of ultra-high repetition rate laser diagnostics for fluid dynamic measurements Thurow, Brian; Jiang, Naibo; Lempert, Walter Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/1/012002	journal	October 2012
High-bandwidth scanned-wavelength-modulation spectroscopy sensors for temperature and H ₂ O in a rotating detonation engine Goldenstein, Christopher S.; Almodóvar, Christopher A.; Jeffries, Jay B. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/10/105104	journal	September 2014
‘Postage-stamp PIV’: small velocity fields at 400 kHz for turbulence spectra measurements Beresh, Steven J.; Henfling, John F.; Spillers, Russell W. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa9f79	journal	February 2018
Estimation of planar curves, surfaces, and nonplanar space curves defined by implicit equations with applications to edge and range image segmentation Taubin, G. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/34.103273	journal	January 1991
OH* Chemiluminescence Imaging of the Combustion Products From a Methane-Fueled Rotating Detonation Engine Tobias, Jonathan; Depperschmidt, Daniel; Welch, Cooper Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 141, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4041143	journal	October 2018
Scaling factor in continuous spin detonation of syngas–air mixtures Bykovskii, F. A.; Zhdan, S. A.; Vedernikov, E. F. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508217020095	journal	March 2017
Continuous Detonation of Methane/Hydrogen–Air Mixtures in an Annular Cylindrical Combustor Bykovskii, F. A.; Zhdan, S. A.; Vedernikov, E. F. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, Vol. 54, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508218040111	journal	July 2018
Compact burst-mode Nd:YAG laser for kHz–MHz bandwidth velocity and species measurements Smyser, Michael E.; Rahman, K. Arafat; Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Optics Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.000735	journal	January 2018
Continuous Spin Detonations Bykovskii, Fedor A.; Zhdan, Sergey A.; Vedernikov, Evgenii F. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2514/1.17656	journal	November 2006
Singular Spectrum Analysis Applied to Time-Series Measurements in a Self-Excited Tube Combustor Noble, Andrew C.; Venkatesan, Krishna K.; King, Galen B. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2514/1.42030	journal	September 2009
Experimental Study of the Performance of a Rotating Detonation Engine with Nozzle Fotia, Matthew L.; Schauer, Fred; Kaemming, Tom Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B35913	journal	May 2016
Performance Characterization of a Natural Gas–Air Rotating Detonation Engine Walters, Ian V.; Lemcherfi, Aaron; Gejji, Rohan M. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B38087	journal	March 2021
An examination of MHz rate PIV in a heated supersonic jet Brock, Bryan; Haynes, Randall H.; Thurow, Brian S. 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1102	conference	January 2014
Propane-Air Cell Size Correlation to Temperature and Pressure Stevens, Christopher A.; Hoke, John; Schauer, Frederick 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1400	conference	January 2016
Design and Development of the High Pressure Combustion Laboratory at Purdue University Meyer, Scott E.; Heister, Stephen D.; Slabaugh, Carson 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4965	conference	July 2017
Single and Counter-Rotating Wave Modes in an RDC Bluemner, Richard; Bohon, Myles D.; Paschereit, Christian O. 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1608	conference	January 2018
Experimental Investigation of a Piloted, Natural Gas-Air Rotating Detonation Wave Combustor Walters, Ian V.; Journell, Chris; Lemcherfi, Aaron 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4782	conference	July 2018
Experimental Study of a Hypergolically Ignited Liquid Bipropellant Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine Anderson, Wesly; Heister, Stephen D.; Hartsfield, Carl AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0474	conference	January 2019
Time-Resolved PIV Diagnostics to Measure Flow Field Exiting Methane-Fueled Rotating Detonation Combustor Depperschmidt, Daniel; Miller, Robert; Tobias, Jonathan AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1514	conference	January 2019
Application of the Continuous Rotating Detonation to Gas Turbine Wolański, Piotr Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 782 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.782.3	journal	August 2015

Similar Records

Operability of a Natural Gas–Air Rotating Detonation Engine

Journal Article · Thu Feb 20 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of Propulsion and Power (Online) · OSTI ID:1774971

Experimental Study of the Invariance of Pressure Gain with Respect to the Dynamics of Multiple Competing Waves in a Rotating Detonation Combustor

Conference · Wed Jan 18 23:00:00 EST 2023 · AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum · OSTI ID:1995213

Performance Characterization of a Natural Gas-Air Rotating Detonation Engine at Elevated Pressure

Conference · Fri Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum · OSTI ID:1774974

Related Subjects

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
Rotating detonation
high-speed diagnostics

High-Speed Diagnostics in a Natural Gas–Air Rotating Detonation Engine

Citation Formats

References (37)

Similar Records

Related Subjects