Potential of Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage Integrated Ground Source Heat Pump System to Reshape Electricity Demand in the United States

Shi, Liang; Liu, Xiaobing; Qu, Ming; Liu, Guodong; Li, Zhi

doi:10.1115/1.4051992

Potential of Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage Integrated Ground Source Heat Pump System to Reshape Electricity Demand in the United States

Journal Article · Fri Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051992· OSTI ID:1817387

Shi, Liang ^[1]; ^[2]; Qu, Ming ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]

Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Each year, more than 20% of electricity generated in the United States is consumed for meeting the thermal demands (e.g., space cooling, space heating, and water heating) in residential and commercial buildings. Integrating thermal energy storage (TES) with building’s HVAC systems has the potential to reshape the electric load profile of the building and mitigate the mismatch between the renewable generation and the demand of buildings. A novel ground source heat pump (GSHP) system integrated with underground thermal energy storage (UTES) has been proposed to level the electric demand of buildings while still satisfying their thermal demands. This study assessed the potential impacts of the proposed system with a bottom-up approach. The impacts on the electricity demand in various electricity markets were quantified. The results show that, within the capacity of the existing electric grids, the maximum penetration rate of the proposed system in different wholesale markets could range from 51% to 100%. Altogether, about 46 million single-family detached houses can be retrofitted into the proposed system without increasing the annual peak demand of the corresponding markets. By implementing the proposed system at its maximum penetration rate, the grid-level summer peak demand can be reduced by 9.1% to 18.2%. Meanwhile, at the grid level, the annual electricity consumption would change by –12% to 2%. The nationwide total electricity consumption would be reduced by 9%.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1817387

Journal Information:: Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities, Journal Name: Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 2; ISSN 2642-6641

Publisher:: AMSECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (29)

Effectiveness and life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of active cold storages for building demand management for smart grid applications Cui, Borui; Gao, Dian-ce; Wang, Shengwei Applied Energy, Vol. 147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.041	journal	June 2015
Model-based optimal design of active cool thermal energy storage for maximal life-cycle cost saving from demand management in commercial buildings Cui, Borui; Gao, Dian-ce; Xiao, Fu Applied Energy, Vol. 201 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.035	journal	September 2017
Load shifting using the heating and cooling system of an office building: Quantitative potential evaluation for different flexibility and storage options Klein, Konstantin; Herkel, Sebastian; Henning, Hans-Martin Applied Energy, Vol. 203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.073	journal	October 2017
Contributions of heat pumps to demand response: A case study of a plus-energy dwelling Romero Rodríguez, Laura; Sánchez Ramos, José; Álvarez Domínguez, Servando Applied Energy, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.086	journal	March 2018
The value(s) of flexible heat pumps – Assessment of technical and economic conditions Felten, Björn; Weber, Christoph Applied Energy, Vol. 228 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.031	journal	October 2018
Energy flexible building through smart demand-side management and latent heat storage Lizana, Jesus; Friedrich, Daniel; Renaldi, Renaldi Applied Energy, Vol. 230 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.065	journal	November 2018
Model predictive control for thermal energy storage and thermal comfort optimization of building demand response in smart grids Tang, Rui; Wang, Shengwei Applied Energy, Vol. 242 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.038	journal	May 2019
A game theory-based decentralized control strategy for power demand management of building cluster using thermal mass and energy storage Tang, Rui; Li, Hangxin; Wang, Shengwei Applied Energy, Vol. 242 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.152	journal	May 2019
Model predictive control based robust scheduling of community integrated energy system with operational flexibility Lv, Chaoxian; Yu, Hao; Li, Peng Applied Energy, Vol. 243 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.205	journal	June 2019
Energy flexible buildings: A methodology for rating the flexibility performance of buildings with electric heating and cooling systems Arteconi, Alessia; Mugnini, Alice; Polonara, Fabio Applied Energy, Vol. 251 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113387	journal	October 2019
Assessing the performance of uncertainty-aware transactive controls for building thermal energy storage systems Yu, Min Gyung; Pavlak, Gregory S. Applied Energy, Vol. 282 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116103	journal	January 2021
Analysis on field trial of high temperature heat pump integrated with thermal energy storage in domestic retrofit installation Shah, Nikhilkumar N.; Wilson, Christopher; Huang, Ming J. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.07.135	journal	October 2018
Phase change materials and thermal energy storage for buildings de Gracia, Alvaro; Cabeza, Luisa F. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.007	journal	September 2015
Measures to improve energy demand flexibility in buildings for demand response (DR): A review Chen, Yongbao; Xu, Peng; Gu, Jiefan Energy and Buildings, Vol. 177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.003	journal	October 2018
Performance of heat pump integrated phase change material thermal storage for electric load shifting in building demand side management Hirmiz, R.; Teamah, H. M.; Lightstone, M. F. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.02.026	journal	May 2019
Self-learning model predictive control for dynamic activation of structural thermal mass in residential buildings Wolisz, Henryk; Kull, Tuule Mall; Müller, Dirk Energy and Buildings, Vol. 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109542	journal	January 2020
Reduced-order models for assessing demand response with heat pumps – Insights from the German energy system Sperber, Evelyn; Frey, Ulrich; Bertsch, Valentin Energy and Buildings, Vol. 223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110144	journal	September 2020
Influence of thermal energy storage and heat pump parametrization for demand-side-management in a nearly-zero-energy-building using model predictive control Bechtel, Steffen; Rafii-Tabrizi, Sasan; Scholzen, Frank Energy and Buildings, Vol. 226 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110364	journal	November 2020
A novel air-conditioning system for proactive power demand response to smart grid Yan, Chengchu; Xue, Xue; Wang, Shengwei Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 102 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.09.072	journal	September 2015
Thermal energy storage in district heating: Centralised storage vs. storage in thermal inertia of buildings Romanchenko, Dmytro; Kensby, Johan; Odenberger, Mikael Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.01.068	journal	April 2018
A modular high-resolution demand-side management model to quantify benefits of demand-flexibility in the residential sector Stavrakas, Vassilis; Flamos, Alexandros Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112339	journal	February 2020
An assessment of power flexibility from commercial building cooling systems in the United States Huang, Sen; Ye, Yunyang; Wu, Di Energy, Vol. 221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119571	journal	April 2021
Model predictive control of commercial buildings in demand response programs in the presence of thermal storage Cao, Yan; Du, Jiang; Soleymanzadeh, Ehsan Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.266	journal	May 2019
Mapping the energy flexibility potential of single buildings equipped with optimally-controlled heat pump, gas boilers and thermal storage D’Ettorre, Francesco; De Rosa, Mattia; Conti, Paolo Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101689	journal	October 2019
Optimal Stochastic Deployment of Heterogeneous Energy Storage in a Residential Multienergy Microgrid With Demand-Side Management Li, Zhengmao; Xu, Yan; Feng, Xue IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.2971227	journal	February 2021
Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage Liu, Xiaobing; Spitler, Jeffrey D.; Qu, Ming Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Vol. 143, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050418	journal	March 2021
Overgeneration from Solar Energy in California. A Field Guide to the Duck Chart Denholm, Paul; O'Connell, Matthew; Brinkman, Gregory https://doi.org/10.2172/1226167	report	November 2015
Electricity End Uses, Energy Efficiency, and Distributed Energy Resources Baseline Schwartz, Lisa; Wei, Max; Morrow, William https://doi.org/10.2172/1342949	report	January 2017
Overview of Compressed Air Energy Storage and Technology Development Wang, Jidai; Lu, Kunpeng; Ma, Lan Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/en10070991	journal	July 2017

Similar Records

An Assessment of Impacts on Electric End-Use Load Profile of a Typical Residential Building from a Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Integrated with Underground Thermal Energy Storage

Conference · Thu Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · OSTI ID:1684688

Performance analysis of novel thermal storage integrated heat pump system in a residential building at the hot climate for demand flexibility

Conference · Mon Jan 31 23:00:00 EST 2022 · OSTI ID:1877462

Performance evaluation of underground thermal storage integrated dual-source heat pump systems

Journal Article · Fri May 31 20:00:00 EDT 2024 · Energy and Buildings · OSTI ID:2376312

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
demand side management
electricity grid
ground source heat pump
single-family house
thermal energy storage

Potential of Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage Integrated Ground Source Heat Pump System to Reshape Electricity Demand in the United States

Citation Formats

References (29)

Similar Records

Related Subjects