Engineering the Interlayer Spacing by Pre-Intercalation for High Performance Supercapacitor MXene Electrodes in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Liang, Kun; Matsumoto, Ray A.; Zhao, Wei; Osti, Naresh C.; Popov, Ivan; Thapaliya, Bishnu P.; Fleischmann, Simon; Misra, Sudhajit; Prenger, Kaitlyn; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Mamontov, Eugene; Augustyn, Veronica; Unocic, Raymond R.; Sokolov, Alexei P.; Dai, Sheng; Cummings, Peter T.; Naguib, Michael

doi:10.1002/adfm.202104007

Engineering the Interlayer Spacing by Pre-Intercalation for High Performance Supercapacitor MXene Electrodes in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Journal Article · Fri Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202104007· OSTI ID:1817386

^[1]; Matsumoto, Ray A. ^[2]; Zhao, Wei ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[3]; Thapaliya, Bishnu P. ^[4]; Fleischmann, Simon ^[5]; ^[3]; Prenger, Kaitlyn ^[1]; Tyagi, Madhusudan ^[6]; ^[3]; Augustyn, Veronica ^[5]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[4]; Cummings, Peter T. ^[2]; ^[1]

Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA (United States)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

MXenes exhibit excellent capacitance at high scan rates in sulfuric acid aqueous electrolytes, but the narrow potential window of aqueous electrolytes limits the energy density. Organic electrolytes and room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can provide higher potential windows, leading to higher energy density. The large cation size of RTIL hinders its intercalation in-between the layers of MXene limiting the specific capacitance in comparison to aqueous electrolytes. In this work, different chain lengths alkylammonium (AA) cations are intercalated into Ti₃C₂T_x, producing variation of MXene interlayer spacings (d-spacing). AA-cation-intercalated Ti₃C₂T_x (AA-Ti₃C₂), exhibits higher specific capacitances, and cycling stabilities than pristine Ti₃C₂T_x in 1 m 1-ethly-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (EMIMTFSI) in acetonitrile and neat EMIMTFSI RTIL electrolytes. Pre-intercalated MXene with an interlayer spacing of ≈2.2 nm, can deliver a large specific capacitance of 257 F g^–1 (1428 mF cm^–2 and 492 F cm^–3) in neat EMIMTFSI electrolyte leading to high energy density. Quasi elastic neutron scattering and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to study the dynamics of confined RTIL in pre-intercalated MXene. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggest significant differences in the structures of RTIL ions and AA cations inside the Ti₃C₂T_x interlayer, providing insights into the differences in the observed electrochemical behavior.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1817386

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1797598

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 31; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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