Understanding Multilevel Selection May Facilitate Management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agroecosystems

Johnson, Nancy Collins; Gibson, Kara Skye

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.627345

Understanding Multilevel Selection May Facilitate Management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agroecosystems (in PMC7870699)

Journal Article · Mon Jan 25 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.627345· OSTI ID:1817052

Johnson, Nancy Collins ^[1]; Gibson, Kara Skye ^[1]

Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)

Studies in natural ecosystems show that adaptation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and other microbial plant symbionts to local environmental conditions can help ameliorate stress and optimize plant fitness. This local adaptation arises from the process of multilevel selection, which is the simultaneous selection of a hierarchy of groups. Studies of multilevel selection in natural ecosystems may inform the creation of sustainable agroecosystems through developing strategies to effectively manage crop microbiomes including AM symbioses. Field experiments show that the species composition of AM fungal communities varies across environmental gradients, and that the biomass of AM fungi and their benefits for plants generally diminish when fertilization and irrigation eliminate nutrient and water limitations. Furthermore, pathogen protection by mycorrhizas is only important in environments prone to plant damage due to pathogens. Consequently, certain agricultural practices may inadvertently select for less beneficial root symbioses because the conventional agricultural practices of fertilization, irrigation, and use of pesticides can make these symbioses superfluous for optimizing crop performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine how multilevel selection influences the flow of matter, energy, and genetic information through mycorrhizal microbiomes in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and propose testable hypotheses about how mycorrhizae may be actively managed to increase agricultural sustainability.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1817052

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 11; ISSN 1664-462X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: PMC7870699

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Understanding Multilevel Selection May Facilitate Management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agroecosystems (in PMC7870699)

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